Environmental chambers to study surface emissions of reactive gases impacting climate, agriculture, and air quality

环境室研究活性气体的表面排放对气候、农业和空气质量的影响

• 批准号: 570577-2021
• 负责人: VandenBoer, Trevor
• 金额: $ 8.27万
• 依托单位: York University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Alliance Grants
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2021-01-01 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=722205
• 关键词: Environmental; chambers; study; surface; emissions

There are major health and economic impacts of air pollution in Canada. Although air quality has improved in Canadian cities, it remains a large problem. Air quality in Canada costs for 2021 estimated by Health Canada suggest $114 billion in lost productivity nationwide (5.6% of GDP) with an associated 15 300 premature deaths. Pollution creates agricultural costs as well. Canada has a large agricultural sector ($49 billion in 2015; 2.6 % of GDP), which is reliant on fixed-nitrogen fertilizers that are external costs to farmers. Improved understanding of nitrogen losses to the atmosphere as reactive and greenhouse can help identify best practices for reducing nitrogen use and release from soils. In addition, volatility has been seen in the value of agricultural fertilizers with projected cost increases of >250 % for 2022, emphasizing the economic need to provide stability to the agricultural sector as supply chains recover from pandemic disruptions and the global community shifts to address the societal impacts of climate change. The project goals and anticipated outcomes from this proposal are a rare win-win-win scenario between the economy, environmental protection, and improving human health. This collaboration between Prof. VandenBoer at York University, Eosense Inc in Dartmouth, NS, and Picarro Inc in Santa Clara, CA will create a complete system of field-deployable chamber and multiplexing platforms to conduct pilot and intensive field observations with the first ever real-time simultaneous observations of an expansive nitrogenous gas suite (NO, NO2, HONO, NH3 and N2O) from a hotspot environmental surface for their release, agricultural soils. This partnership will independently validate the new commercial product, share findings at the world's biggest earth science meetings, and culminate in peer-reviewed publications to meet the exacting requirements of scientific and government research and monitoring communities in need of such new field tools.

加拿大的空气污染对健康和经济都有重大影响。尽管加拿大城市的空气质量有所改善，但仍是一个很大的问题。加拿大卫生部估计，2021年加拿大的空气质量成本表明，全国范围内的生产率损失为1140亿美元(占GDP的5.6%)，相关的过早死亡人数为15300人。污染也会造成农业成本。加拿大有一个庞大的农业部门(2015年为490亿美元；占GDP的2.6%)，依赖于固定氮肥，这是农民的外部成本。更好地理解氮素在大气中的活性损失和温室效应，有助于确定减少土壤氮素使用和释放的最佳做法。此外，农业化肥的价值也出现了波动，预计2022年的成本将增加250%，这强调了随着供应链从大流行中断中恢复以及全球社会转向应对气候变化的社会影响，为农业部门提供稳定的经济需要。这项提案的项目目标和预期结果是经济、环境保护和改善人类健康之间罕见的双赢局面。约克大学的VandenBoer教授、北卡罗来纳州达特茅斯的Eosense Inc.和加利福尼亚州圣克拉拉的Picarro Inc.之间的这项合作将创建一个完整的现场可展开小室和多路复用平台系统，以进行试点和密集的野外观测，首次从热点环境表面对膨胀的氮气(NO、NO2、HONO、NH3和N2O)进行实时同步观测，以释放它们。这一伙伴关系将独立地验证新的商业产品，在世界上最大的地球科学会议上分享研究结果，并最终形成同行评议的出版物，以满足需要这种新实地工具的科学和政府研究和监测界的严格要求。