Understanding groundwater, agronomy and drainage system design influences on tile water quantity and quality

在排水不良的土壤中，人工排水为农业生产提供了广泛的农艺和经济效益，约占世界耕地的11%和加拿大耕地的14%。在安大略南部，大约45%的农田被排干了水。人工排水通过减少过量水分和提高作物产量来提高农业生产，因为排水可以及时播种，提前播种，减少压实。然而，人工排水改变了水文（水）循环以及与农田相关的环境风险类型。这项研究的目标是研究不同类型的瓦片排水系统如何影响地下水的数量和质量，反过来，地下水高程、质量和地质的时空变化如何影响瓦片排水。这将使用位于安大略省克林顿附近的一个实验农场（休伦维尤示范农场），该农场位于典型的大湖盆地环境（休伦湖）。它将涉及实地调查，例如地下水和瓷砖水质采样，以及使用专门的地下水-地表水软件进行预测建模。奥萨布尔贝菲尔德保护区（ABCA）、安大略省农业、食品和农村事务部（OMAFRA）、休伦县土壤和作物改良协会（HCSCIA）、安大略省土地改良承包商（LICO）、休伦县、圭尔夫大学和滑铁卢大学将探索这一主题的技术方面，其研究结果将导致农业生产的实际推广，并为最终用户提供瓦片排水装置实践。预期的结果是提高对瓷砖-地下水相互作用和水平衡/水质的理解；采用预测建模方法，研究如何在多变的气候条件/天气事件下最好地管理可控排水瓦系统；瓦片安装人员在确定合适的排水系统布局时考虑地下条件的方法；并就地下排水系统的操作和适当性（轮廓和标准）向水资源管理者/农民提出建议，以保证水量和质量。

Artificial drainage provides extensive agronomic and economic benefits for agricultural production in poorly-drained soils, covering about 11% of worldwide and 14% of Canadian arable lands. In southern Ontario, approximately 45% of crop lands are tile drained. Artificial drainage improves agricultural production by reducing excess moisture and improving crop yields since drainage allows timely planting earlier and with less compaction. However, artificial drainage modifies the hydrologic (water) cycle as well as the types of environmental risks associated with cropland. The goal of this research partnership is to examine how various types of tile drainage systems impact groundwater quantity and quality, and conversely how spatiotemporal variations in groundwater elevation, quality and geology influence tile drainage. This will be carried out using an experimental farm site (Huronview Demonstration Farm) located near Clinton, Ontario in a typical Great Lakes Basin setting (Lake Huron). It will involve field investigations, such as groundwater and tile water quality sampling, and predictive modelling using specialized groundwater-surface water software. Ausable Bayfield Conservation Authority (ABCA), Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (OMAFRA), Huron County Soil and Crop Improvement Association (HCSCIA), Land Improvement Contractors of Ontario (LICO), Huron County, University of Guelph and University of Waterloo will explore the technical aspects of this topic, with the findings leading to practical extension to agronomic production and tile drainage installation practices for end-users. The anticipated outcomes are an improved understanding of tile-groundwater interactions and water balance/water quality; a predictive modelling methodology to examine how to best manage controlled drainage tile systems under variable climatic conditions/weather events; a methodology for tile installers to consider subsurface conditions when identifying suitable drain system layouts; and recommendations for water managers/farmers regarding the operation and appropriateness of subsurface drainage systems (contour and standard) for water quantity and quality.