Improving the utilization of barley grain with variable kernel size for dairy and beef cattle through moisture-added processing

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In Canada, barley grain is predominantly grown for use in the malting industry. On average, only 20-30% of the barley grown meets the stringent requirements to be used for malt, with the remaining barley being diverted for use as livestock feed. Barley is an important energy source for beef and dairy cattle in western Canada, but processing of barley grain is required to optimize digestibility. As feed barley does not meet malting standards, variation in barley kernel size may occur with feed-grade barley and such variation provides a marked challenge to ensure adequate processing. This study will evaluate strategies to improve the utilization of feed-grade barley grain by evaluating processing methods that may improve digestibility. The research will evaluate the use of steam-flaking as a processing method for barley grain with variable kernel size for both beef and dairy cattle. Feeding barley grain harvested at a high moisture content will also be investigated to help avoid spoilage of barley when harvest conditions do not permit a timely harvest of dry cereal grains. We will further investigate the use of novel equipment to process and blend barley grain with forage to improve utilization of barley in the cow-calf sector. Finally, we will develop and validate an in vitro assay to measure and characterize barley grain digestibility that accounts for the method and severity of processing. These data will improve the efficiency of barley grain use in diets for beef and dairy cattle and help ensure that non-human grade barley is converted to a high-quality high-protein food source for people.