Initial stages of visual information processing

ITERATIVE-REENTRY模型。神经科学的进步指出，可重入信号是大脑区域之间交流的主要形式。然而，知觉理论继续在前馈序列中表达。在我们的另一种解释中，感知来自大脑区域之间的迭代交换。该帐户基于对象替换屏蔽（Object-Substitution Masking， OSM），其中目标和掩码的初始组合显示继续单独显示掩码。OSM涉及可重入处理，因为它不能单独用前馈过程来解释。研究计划的主要目标是系统地探索迭代重入过程介导视觉感知的感知领域：基于亮度轮廓、相对运动、分离纹理和双眼视差定义的刺激的形式感知。探索年轻化效果。一个新事物的出现触发了从感觉编码到巩固和记忆存储的一系列处理事件。相反，如果同一对象在超过临界持续时间后仍在视图中，则不会继续对其进行重新处理。相反，它导致信号被发送到更高的中心，表明没有任何重要的事情发生变化。我发现，在视觉或听觉短暂事件发生后的200毫秒内，视觉系统可以将“旧”物体视为“新”物体。我们将此称为复原效应，因为它表示旧轮廓获得新轮廓的一些属性的过程。进一步的实验指出蓝斑-去甲肾上腺素（LC-NE）系统的阶段性激活是返老还童的决定因素。要探索这一新奇的现象，需要做许多组实验。视觉的时间整合。为了研究视觉的时间整合，点阵的两个半部分被连续显示，并被刺激间间隔（ISI）分隔。在超过100 ms的ISIs中，整合情况恶化。在一项初步研究中，我在20到100毫秒之间改变了两半的持续时间，发现在超过60毫秒的暴露时间下，需要负ISI才能达到80%的准确性。也就是说，当一个模式作为一个整体被短暂地展示出来时，它很容易被感知，当它被自己的部分所取代时，它就被摧毁了。我打算继续研究这个有趣又违反直觉的发现。主要目标：包含迭代可重入处理的所有结果。

ITERATIVE-REENTRY MODEL. Advances in neuroscience have pointed to reentrant signalling as the main form of communication between brain regions. Yet, theories of perception continue to be couched in feed-forward sequences. In our alternative account, perceptions emerge from iterative exchanges between brain regions. That account is based on Object-Substitution Masking (OSM) in which an initial combined display of target and mask continues with the mask alone. OSM implicates reentrant processing because it cannot be explained by feed-forward processes alone. The main objective of the research programme is to explore systematically the perceptual domains in which iterative reentrant processes mediate visual perception: perception of form based on stimuli defined by luminance contours, relative motion, segregated texture, and binocular disparity. EXPLORING THE REJUVENATION EFFECT. The onset of a new object triggers a chain of processing events from sensory encoding to consolidation and memory storage. In contrast, the same object does not keep on being reprocessed if it remains on view beyond a critical duration. Instead, it causes signals to be sent to higher centres indicating that nothing of consequence has changed. I have found that the visual system can treat "old" objects as though they were "new" for a period of about 200 ms following a visual or auditory transient event. We refer to this as the rejuvenation effect, as it denotes a process by which old contours acquire some of the attributes of new contours. Further experiments have pointed to phasic activation of the Locus Coeruleus-Norepinephrine (LC-NE) system as the determinant of rejuvenation. Many sets of experiments need to be done to explore this novel phenomenon. TEMPORAL INTEGRATION IN VISION. To study temporal integration in vision, two halves of a dot-matrix are displayed successively, separated by an inter-stimulus interval (ISI). Integration deteriorates at ISIs beyond 100 ms. In a pilot study, I varied the duration of the two halves between 20 and 100 ms and found that at exposure durations beyond about 60 ms a NEGATIVE ISI was required to achieve an accuracy of 80%. Namely, a pattern that was easily perceived when displayed briefly as a whole, was destroyed when it was preceded and followed by parts of itself. I plan to pursue this fascinating and counterintuitive finding. Main objective: to encompass all results in terms of iterative reentrant processing.