Initial stages of visual information processing

视觉信息处理的初始阶段

• 批准号: RGPIN-2019-03921
• 负责人: DiLollo, Vincent
• 金额: $ 4.01万
• 依托单位: Simon Fraser University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=763995
• 关键词: Initial; stages; visual; information; processing

ITERATIVE-REENTRY MODEL. Advances in neuroscience have pointed to reentrant signalling as the main form of communication between brain regions. Yet, theories of perception continue to be couched in feed-forward sequences. In our alternative account, perceptions emerge from iterative exchanges between brain regions. That account is based on Object-Substitution Masking (OSM) in which an initial combined display of target and mask continues with the mask alone. OSM implicates reentrant processing because it cannot be explained by feed-forward processes alone. The main objective of the research programme is to explore systematically the perceptual domains in which iterative reentrant processes mediate visual perception: perception of form based on stimuli defined by luminance contours, relative motion, segregated texture, and binocular disparity. EXPLORING THE REJUVENATION EFFECT. The onset of a new object triggers a chain of processing events from sensory encoding to consolidation and memory storage. In contrast, the same object does not keep on being reprocessed if it remains on view beyond a critical duration. Instead, it causes signals to be sent to higher centres indicating that nothing of consequence has changed. I have found that the visual system can treat "old" objects as though they were "new" for a period of about 200 ms following a visual or auditory transient event. We refer to this as the rejuvenation effect, as it denotes a process by which old contours acquire some of the attributes of new contours. Further experiments have pointed to phasic activation of the Locus Coeruleus-Norepinephrine (LC-NE) system as the determinant of rejuvenation. Many sets of experiments need to be done to explore this novel phenomenon. TEMPORAL INTEGRATION IN VISION. To study temporal integration in vision, two halves of a dot-matrix are displayed successively, separated by an inter-stimulus interval (ISI). Integration deteriorates at ISIs beyond 100 ms. In a pilot study, I varied the duration of the two halves between 20 and 100 ms and found that at exposure durations beyond about 60 ms a NEGATIVE ISI was required to achieve an accuracy of 80%. Namely, a pattern that was easily perceived when displayed briefly as a whole, was destroyed when it was preceded and followed by parts of itself. I plan to pursue this fascinating and counterintuitive finding. Main objective: to encompass all results in terms of iterative reentrant processing.

迭代重入模型。神经科学的进展指出，折返信号是大脑区域之间交流的主要形式。然而，感知理论仍然以前馈序列为基础。在我们的另一种解释中，感知来自大脑区域之间的反复交流。该帐户基于对象替换掩码（OSM），其中目标和掩码的初始组合显示仅继续使用掩码。OSM涉及可重入处理，因为它不能单独用前馈过程来解释。该研究计划的主要目标是系统地探索感知域中的迭代重入过程介导的视觉感知：感知的形式定义的亮度轮廓，相对运动，分离纹理和双眼视差的刺激的基础上。探索复苏效应。一个新物体的出现触发了从感觉编码到巩固和记忆储存的一连串处理事件。相比之下，如果同一对象在视图上保持超过临界持续时间，则不会继续重新处理该对象。相反，它导致信号被发送到更高的中心，表明没有任何重要的变化。我发现，视觉系统可以在视觉或听觉短暂事件之后的大约200 ms的时间内将“旧”物体视为“新”物体。我们称之为再生效应，因为它表示旧轮廓获得新轮廓的一些属性的过程。进一步的实验指出蓝斑-去甲肾上腺素（LC-NE）系统的阶段性激活是返老还童的决定因素。需要做许多组实验来探索这一新现象。视觉中的时间整合。为了研究视觉中的时间整合，连续显示点阵的两半，由刺激间间隔（ISI）分隔。ISI超过100 ms时积分会恶化。在一项初步研究中，我将两个半部分的持续时间在20 ms和100 ms之间变化，发现在暴露持续时间超过约60 ms时，需要负ISI才能达到80%的准确度。也就是说，一个模式，很容易被感知时，短暂地显示为一个整体，被破坏时，它的前面和后面的部分本身。我打算继续研究这个有趣而又违反直觉的发现。主要目标：包含迭代重入处理的所有结果。