Contextual guidance of attention by emotional information

通过情感信息对注意力进行情境引导

• 批准号: RGPIN-2020-05354
• 负责人: Todd, Rebecca
• 金额: $ 2.91万
• 依托单位: University of British Columbia
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2021-01-01 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=739798
• 关键词: Contextual; guidance; attention; emotional; information

My lab's research investigates the neurocognitive processes by which emotion and personal experience tune selective attention, action, and memory. Selective attention is the process by which we tune our sensory systems to the environment so that what is most relevant reaches awareness and determines action. Recently, classic models parsing attention into top-down (controlled guidance by explicit task demands) and bottom up (automatic guidance by stimulus features) processes have been challenged. Current models emphasize multiple routes which individual's history can guide attention, often outside of awareness. My own empirical and theoretical contributions, focusing on the role of emotional history in guiding attention at multiple time scales, have played an influential role in that dialogue. The research proposed here is guided by the overarching hypothesis that personal history and context influence how emotional salience interacts with other implicit sources of attentional guidance (e.g., expectation) within a dynamic priority space. The studies described in this proposal, which comprise two distinct lines of research, are representative of this broad approach. Our methods include fMRI, EEG, , formal modeling, and behavioral measures to predict how emotional salience will dynamically guide attention and action in distinct contexts. Here I propose two lines of research. The goal of the first is to test hypotheses about mechanisms by which prediction vs. emotional/motivational relevance guide attention. Here we will employ computational modeling and psychophysical techniques to examine how these factors dynamically influence attention as specific stimulus features come to be associated with threat of punishment (aversive bursts of white noise) or promise of monetary reward. Such research will have high value in industry and professional training where there is a need to predict attentional deployment in complex and emotion-laden environments. The second builds on the discovery that effects of emotional context (emotional information in the environment) on the ability to locate spatial targets depends on the sensory modality of the information. This line of research will use fMRI to examine the effects of emotion on spatial perception. Here we will identify the neural pathways (e.g., early vs. late sensory cortices) contributing to the ability to effectively localize objects when integrating information from sources in same vs. different sensory modalities in the presence of emotion. This research will provide crucial information on the impact of emotional distraction through multiple senses on performance of actions requiring precise spatial attention, and determine how these effects are mediated by specific neural pathways. Such findings will be relevant to training of professionals, such as first responders and healthcare professionals, functioning in high arousal situations.

我的实验室的研究调查了神经认知过程，情绪和个人经验通过这些过程调节选择性注意力、行动和记忆。选择性注意是一个过程，通过这个过程，我们调整我们的感官系统以适应环境，以便最相关的东西达到意识并决定行动。最近，经典的模型解析注意到自上而下（控制指导明确的任务需求）和自下而上（自动指导刺激功能）的过程受到了挑战。目前的模型强调个人的历史可以引导注意力的多条路线，通常在意识之外。我自己的经验和理论贡献，专注于情感历史在多个时间尺度上引导注意力的作用，在对话中发挥了重要作用。 这里提出的研究是由一个总体假设指导的，即个人历史和背景影响情绪显着性如何与其他内隐的注意力引导来源（例如，在动态优先级空间中的期望。本提案中所述的研究包括两个不同的研究方向，代表了这一广泛的方法。我们的方法包括功能磁共振成像，脑电图，正式建模和行为的措施，以预测如何情绪显着性将动态地引导注意力和行动在不同的情况下。在这里，我提出了两条研究路线。第一个目标是测试关于预测与情感/动机相关性引导注意力的机制的假设。在这里，我们将采用计算建模和心理物理学技术来研究这些因素如何动态地影响注意力，因为特定的刺激特征与惩罚的威胁（令人厌恶的白色噪音）或金钱奖励的承诺有关。这样的研究将有很高的价值，在工业和专业培训，有必要预测在复杂和情绪负载的环境中的注意力部署。 第二个是建立在发现情绪背景（环境中的情绪信息）对定位空间目标的能力的影响取决于信息的感觉模态。这项研究将使用功能磁共振成像来检查情绪对空间感知的影响。在这里，我们将识别神经通路（例如，早期与晚期感觉皮层）有助于在存在情绪的情况下，当整合来自相同与不同感觉模态的源的信息时有效地定位对象的能力。这项研究将提供重要的信息，通过多种感官对需要精确空间注意力的动作的表现的情绪分心的影响，并确定这些影响是如何通过特定的神经通路介导。这些发现将与专业人员的培训有关，例如第一反应者和医疗保健专业人员，在高唤醒情况下发挥作用。