Next Generation Smart-Grid Enabled Electric Vehicle Chargers

在配电系统（即在城市范围内），太阳能光伏现在是占主导地位的可再生能源，然而，由于不同的辐照太阳和阴影条件，其供应特性是高度间歇性的。此外，充电时插入配电系统的电动汽车也存在高度可变的负载。最终，电力公司的作用是为用户的所有负载需求条件提供调节AC频率下的调节电压。可再生能源的不稳定性和电动汽车充电需求的可变性可能会给电力公司在满足其对用户的要求方面带来问题。智能电网技术，包括负载管理和无功功率管理，是电力公司可以部署的潜在技术，以确保电压调节方面的可靠电力输送。特别地，使用电动车辆充电器对配电系统的无功功率补偿是调节配电网电压的新颖且潜在地极低成本和有效的方法。为了实现这一目标，需要开发新的电动汽车充电技术，包括充电器功率架构和控制策略。拟议的研究计划的目标是展示新的AC-DC电动汽车电池充电技术，具有智能电网配电系统的无功功率注入。这项工作将在功率水平和超过3.3千瓦。该计划将针对三个关键领域的项目：i）将开发新型数字控制策略，以最大限度地减少失真，如传统的功率因数校正，但也可以实现可变相移输入，以允许无功功率注入电网。ii）将为车载充电器开发一种新颖的紧凑且高效的双向电池充电架构。iii）将开发一种新颖的紧凑和高效率的双向电池充电架构，用于非车载快速充电器。该研究计划的长期目标是开发新技术，使电动汽车电池充电器能够增加可再生能源发电和电动汽车数量的配电系统容量，而无需昂贵的系统升级。

On the electrical distribution system (i.e. within city limits), solar photovoltaic is now the dominant renewable energy source, however it's supply characteristic is highly intermittent due to varied irradiant sun and shading conditions. In addition, electric vehicles, plugged into the distribution system when charging, also present highly variable loads. Ultimately, the role of the electrical utilities is to provide regulated voltage at regulated AC frequency for all load demand conditions from users. The intermittency of renewable power, and variability of electric vehicle charging demands can present problems for the electric utilities in meeting their requirements to users. Smart-grid technologies, including load management and reactive power management are potential techniques that utilities can deploy to ensure reliable power delivery in terms of voltage regulation. In particular, reactive power compensation to the electrical distribution system using electric vehicle chargers is a novel and potentially extremely low cost and effective method to regulate the distribution grid voltage. In order to achieve this goal, novel electric vehicle charging technologies, including charger power architectures and control strategies need to be developed. The objectives of the proposed research program are to demonstrate novel AC-DC electric vehicle battery charging technologies featuring reactive power injection for smart-grid electrical distributions systems. The work will be at power levels at and exceeding 3.3 kilowatts. The program will target projects in three key areas: i) Novel digital control strategies will be developed to minimize distortion, as in traditional power factor correction, but also enable variable phase shift input to allow reactive power to be injected to the electrical grid. ii) A novel compact and high efficiency bi-directional battery charging architecture will be developed for an in vehicle charger. iii) A novel compact and high efficiency bi-directional battery charging architecture will be developed for an off board fast charger. The long term objective of this research program is to develop novel technologies that enable electric vehicle battery chargers to increase capacity on the electrical distribution system for both renewable energy generation and the number of electric vehicles without requiring costly system upgrades.