"Earthquake-Proof?" - Towards Resilient and Economical Steel Building Systems

许多业主希望新建筑是“抗震的”，在这项提案中定义为具有完美的地震恢复力(零故障概率和后果，零恢复时间)。相反，目前的大多数抗震设计都是基于允许结构中选定的“延性”部分受损，导致其性能远远谈不上“抗震”。2010-2011年新西兰克赖斯特彻奇附近的地震突显了工程师和公众预期之间的这种差异，地震导致1000多座建筑被拆除。在加拿大，一次大地震预计将造成超过600亿美元的损失，其破坏性是加拿大历史上代价最高的自然灾害的几倍。在较小但频率较高的地震中，损失可能主要是业务和功能部件(OFC，即覆层和机械设备等非结构部件)的损坏，而这些部件在典型设计中只被考虑到最低限度。这些地震的社会经济影响将不仅通过直接修复成本感受到，而且还将通过修复过程中的停机等间接损失感受到。即使可能无法实现完全“抗震”的建筑，仍有必要朝着公众期望的更具抗震能力的建筑迈进，同时仍需将建筑成本降至最低。为此，重点领域A的目标包括验证加拿大受控摇臂支撑框架(CRBF)的设计指南，该设计指南既与重力框架系统(G-CRBF)结合在一起，又与重力框架系统分离，以便可以考虑将其纳入国家建筑规范和CSA标准S16(钢结构设计)。在重点领域B，目标包括用申请人最近开发的可更换支撑模块(RBM)来验证“后背支撑框架”的设计规定。最后，认识到抗震性建设既需要能够快速修复的结构系统，也需要能够承受其所经历的需求的离岸金融中心，重点领域C将在基于性能的地震工程框架内使用人工智能来优化钢结构建筑系统的抗震设计，目的是就如何设计以最大限度地减少地震损失提供指导。这项研究计划的长期愿景是使地震复原力成为加拿大所有工程结构的常规目标，而不是为特殊结构保留的增强目标。基于申请人在地震工程方面表现出的领导能力，提高钢结构建筑系统的抗震能力，拟议的研究将为加拿大带来直接好处，为降低地震的社会经济成本提供指导，同时为培训高素质人员(HQP)提供包容性环境，以领导该领域朝着更具地震韧性和经济结构的方向发展。

Many owners expect new buildings to be "earthquake-proof," defined in this proposal as an ideal of perfect seismic resilience (zero failure probability and consequences, zero time to recovery). Conversely, most current seismic design is based on allowing damage to selected "ductile" parts of a structure, resulting in performance that is far from "earthquake-proof." This difference between the expectations of engineers and of the public was highlighted by the 2010-2011 earthquakes near Christchurch, New Zealand, which led to the demolition of over one thousand buildings. In Canada, a single large earthquake is expected to cause over $60 billion in losses, several times more devastating than the costliest natural disaster in Canadian history. In smaller but more frequent earthquakes, losses are likely to be dominated by damage to Operational and Functional Components (OFCs, i.e. non-structural elements such as cladding and mechanical equipment) that are only minimally considered in typical design. The socioeconomic impact of these earthquakes would be felt not only through direct repair costs, but also indirect losses like downtime during repair. Even if completely "earthquake-proof" construction may not be attainable, there is still a clear need to move towards the more seismically resilient construction that the public expects, while still minimizing construction costs. To this end, the objectives of Focus Area A include validating Canadian design guidelines for Controlled Rocking Braced Frames (CRBFs), both coupled with the gravity framing system (G-CRBFs) and separated from it, so that they can be considered for inclusion in the National Building Code and CSA Standard S16 (Design of Steel Structures). In Focus Area B, the objectives include validating design provisions for "strongback braced frames" with Replaceable Brace Modules (RBMs) recently developed by the applicant. Finally, recognizing that seismically resilient construction will require both structural systems that can be quickly repaired and OFCs that can withstand the demands they experience, Focus Area C will use Artificial Intelligence to optimize the seismic design of steel building systems within a Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering framework, with an objective of providing guidance on how to design to minimize total seismic losses. The long-term vision of this research program is for seismic resilience to become a routine objective for all engineered structures in Canada, rather than an enhanced objective reserved for exceptional structures. Building on the applicant's demonstrated leadership in earthquake engineering for enhanced seismic resilience of steel building systems, the proposed research will have direct benefits for Canada by providing guidance to reduce the socioeconomic cost of earthquakes, while providing an inclusive environment for training Highly Qualified Personnel (HQP) to lead the field towards more seismically resilient and economical structures.