"Earthquake-Proof?" - Towards Resilient and Economical Steel Building Systems

“防震吗？”

• 批准号: RGPIN-2020-04785
• 负责人: Wiebe, Lydell
• 金额: $ 2.26万
• 依托单位: McMaster University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2021-01-01 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=740216
• 关键词: Earthquake; Proof; Towards; Resilient; Economical

Many owners expect new buildings to be "earthquake-proof," defined in this proposal as an ideal of perfect seismic resilience (zero failure probability and consequences, zero time to recovery). Conversely, most current seismic design is based on allowing damage to selected "ductile" parts of a structure, resulting in performance that is far from "earthquake-proof." This difference between the expectations of engineers and of the public was highlighted by the 2010-2011 earthquakes near Christchurch, New Zealand, which led to the demolition of over one thousand buildings. In Canada, a single large earthquake is expected to cause over $60 billion in losses, several times more devastating than the costliest natural disaster in Canadian history. In smaller but more frequent earthquakes, losses are likely to be dominated by damage to Operational and Functional Components (OFCs, i.e. non-structural elements such as cladding and mechanical equipment) that are only minimally considered in typical design. The socioeconomic impact of these earthquakes would be felt not only through direct repair costs, but also indirect losses like downtime during repair. Even if completely "earthquake-proof" construction may not be attainable, there is still a clear need to move towards the more seismically resilient construction that the public expects, while still minimizing construction costs. To this end, the objectives of Focus Area A include validating Canadian design guidelines for Controlled Rocking Braced Frames (CRBFs), both coupled with the gravity framing system (G-CRBFs) and separated from it, so that they can be considered for inclusion in the National Building Code and CSA Standard S16 (Design of Steel Structures). In Focus Area B, the objectives include validating design provisions for "strongback braced frames" with Replaceable Brace Modules (RBMs) recently developed by the applicant. Finally, recognizing that seismically resilient construction will require both structural systems that can be quickly repaired and OFCs that can withstand the demands they experience, Focus Area C will use Artificial Intelligence to optimize the seismic design of steel building systems within a Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering framework, with an objective of providing guidance on how to design to minimize total seismic losses. The long-term vision of this research program is for seismic resilience to become a routine objective for all engineered structures in Canada, rather than an enhanced objective reserved for exceptional structures. Building on the applicant's demonstrated leadership in earthquake engineering for enhanced seismic resilience of steel building systems, the proposed research will have direct benefits for Canada by providing guidance to reduce the socioeconomic cost of earthquakes, while providing an inclusive environment for training Highly Qualified Personnel (HQP) to lead the field towards more seismically resilient and economical structures.

许多业主期望新建筑能够“抗震”，在该提案中将其定义为理想的完美抗震能力（零故障概率和后果，零恢复时间）。相反，大多数当前的抗震设计都是基于允许损坏结构的选定“延性”部分，导致其性能远非“抗震”。 2010 年至 2011 年新西兰基督城附近发生的地震凸显了工程师与公众期望之间的差异，这场地震导致一千多座建筑物被拆除。在加拿大，一次大地震预计将造成超过 600 亿美元的损失，其破坏性比加拿大历史上损失最惨重的自然灾害还要严重数倍。在较小但更频繁的地震中，损失可能主要是对操作和功能组件（OFC，即包层和机械设备等非结构元素）的损坏，而在典型设计中仅最低程度地考虑了这些组件。这些地震的社会经济影响不仅会通过直接修复成本体现出来，还会通过修复期间的停机等间接损失体现出来。即使完全“抗震”的建筑可能无法实现，但仍然明显需要朝着公众期望的抗震能力更强的建筑发展，同时仍然最大限度地降低建筑成本。为此，重点领域 A 的目标包括验证加拿大受控摇摆支撑框架 (CRBF) 的设计指南，两者均与重力框架系统 (G-CRBF) 耦合并与之分离，以便可以考虑将其纳入国家建筑规范和 CSA 标准 S16（钢结构设计）中。在重点领域 B 中，目标包括验证申请人最近开发的带有可更换支撑模块 (RBM) 的“强背支撑框架”的设计规定。最后，认识到抗震建筑需要能够快速修复的结构系统和能够承受其所经历的要求的 OFC，重点领域 C 将使用人工智能在基于性能的地震工程框架内优化钢结构建筑系统的抗震设计，目的是为如何设计以最大限度地减少总体地震损失提供指导。 该研究计划的长期愿景是使抗震能力成为加拿大所有工程结构的常规目标，而不是为特殊结构保留的增强目标。基于申请人在增强钢建筑系统抗震能力的地震工程方面所表现出的领导力，拟议的研究将为加拿大带来直接好处，为降低地震的社会经济成本提供指导，同时为培训高素质人员（HQP）提供包容性的环境，以引领该领域发展更具抗震能力和经济性的结构。