Regulatory Systems controlling Plant Cell Axis formation, Stem Cell Specification and Plant Pathogen Defense

控制植物细胞轴形成、干细胞规格和植物病原体防御的调控系统

• 批准号: RGPIN-2020-06508
• 负责人: Berleth, Thomas
• 金额: $ 2.04万
• 依托单位: University of Toronto
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2021-01-01 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=740760
• 关键词: Regulatory; Systems; controlling; Plant; Cell

Plant architecture is anchored in a polar shoot-root axis. This axis becomes extensively branched above and below ground through the reiterative generation of new organs. Despite their amazing morphological diversity, higher vascular plants share this basic architecture and the molecular mechanisms underlying the formation of a polar axis in the early plant embryo as well as many of the mechanism operating in the terminal stem cell populations, called apical meristems, as they generate new organs and allocate new stem cell niches (meristems) for continued growth. Plants are also well known for their impressive ability to generate new shoot-root axes from disorganized tissue or even single cells in a process called regeneration, which is of utmost importance for plant breeding and biotechnology. This proposal is built on early findings, which linked auxin perception and auxin transport to the embryonic formation of a body axis, the positioning of lateral organs and leave vascular patterns and the de novo generation of new stem cell niches for shoot formation in plant tissue culture. Starting from Arabidopsis embryo mutants, auxin transport interference and visualization experiments, and based on this, the isolation of the first functional Auxin Response Factor (ARF), we made contributions to the understanding of auxin driven patterning processes in various organs. More recently, we have complemented those contributions by supplying cohorts of ARF target genes, among them genes within the auxin singling network as well as genes in the specification of auxin flow paths. Strikingly, these analytical entries have led to the discovery of a versatile genetic tool, with which we can improve the de novo establishment of stem cell niches, most dramatically in the formation of shoots during plant tissue regeneration, using a modified ARF gene, MP?, as a genetic switch. At this point, three obvious target areas need to urgently be addressed. (1) The shoot promoting activity of MP? needs to better understood, optimized and applied to more plant species. (2) The molecular reasons why one ARF protein, MP, has properties, not found in other ARFs, needs to be determined, (3) the signaling pathway through which MP controls patterning processes during regeneration and other processes needs to be further elucidated. This will involve the conversion of already identified target genes, regulated by MP, into visualization tools as well as the use and development of other novel visualization markers in hormone signal transduction. Those will not only be limited to patterning processes, but in the context of other collaborative efforts, will also include hormone markers in pathogen responses.

植物的结构是固定在一个极茎根轴。这条轴通过新器官的再生而在地上和地下广泛地分支。尽管它们具有惊人的形态多样性，但高等维管植物共享这种基本架构和早期植物胚胎中极轴形成的分子机制，以及在末端干细胞群体中运作的许多机制，称为顶端分生组织，因为它们产生新的器官并分配新的干细胞小生境（分生组织）以继续生长。植物还以其令人印象深刻的能力而闻名，即在称为再生的过程中从无序组织甚至单个细胞产生新的茎-根轴，这对植物育种和生物技术至关重要。这一建议是建立在早期的研究结果，生长素的感知和生长素的运输，体轴的胚胎形成，侧部器官的定位和叶维管模式和新生代的新的干细胞的小生境在植物组织培养的芽形成。从拟南芥胚胎突变体出发，通过生长素转运干扰和可视化实验，分离出第一个具有功能的生长素应答因子（ARF），为了解生长素驱动的各器官模式化过程做出了贡献。最近，我们通过提供ARF靶基因的队列来补充这些贡献，其中包括生长素单一网络内的基因以及生长素流动路径规范中的基因。引人注目的是，这些分析条目导致发现了一种多功能的遗传工具，通过该工具，我们可以使用修饰的ARF基因MP？，作为基因开关 在这一点上，有三个明显的目标领域迫切需要解决。(1)MP的促芽活性？需要更好地理解，优化和应用于更多的植物物种。(2)ARF蛋白质MP具有其他ARF蛋白质所没有的特性的分子原因需要确定;（3）MP在再生过程中控制模式化过程和其他过程的信号通路需要进一步阐明。这将涉及已经确定的目标基因的转换，调节MP，可视化工具，以及使用和开发其他新的可视化标记激素信号转导。这些将不仅限于模式化过程，但在其他合作努力的背景下，还将包括病原体反应中的激素标记。