Cellular and Metabolic Processes in Regional Adipose Tissue

社会对脂肪非常关注。这种关注影响深远，从我们对身体脂肪的关注延伸到粮食和农业。例如，在农业领域，人们关注的焦点是乳制品和牲畜中的脂肪含量和类型。作为一个群体或个人，我们不想太胖或太瘦。我们还关注自己有多少脂肪以及储存脂肪的位置，无论是在我们的腹部还是在我们的臀部和大腿周围。男性和女性体内储存脂肪的部位不同。我们知道，并非所有脂肪都是平等的，并且根据脂肪储存的位置和对象，脂肪的行为也有所不同。例如，我们知道储存在上半身脂肪组织中的脂肪比下半身释放更多的脂肪，并且男性释放的脂肪比女性更多。然而，尽管我们全神贯注于脂肪作为一个社会，但我们对脂肪细胞本身、脂肪细胞生存的环境以及脂肪细胞如何与身体其他部分相互作用知之甚少。 拟议的研究计划旨在了解脂肪细胞如何编程来储存它们所储存的脂肪量，以及脂肪细胞编程如何影响其周围的组织环境和生物系统。我们还旨在了解男性与女性的脂肪和脂肪细胞的行为是否存在差异。 为了回答我们的问题，我们想要确定男性和女性脂肪细胞的早期编程是否会影响：1）如何在运动中使用储存在肌肉中的脂肪，2）脂肪和肌肉细胞之间的通讯，3）脂肪如何产生激素并使用乙酰辅酶A（代谢的中心分子）。 拟议研究计划的发现将有助于改变我们对脂肪组织和细胞及其对生物系统影响的看法。如果我们能够理解为什么脂肪组织和脂肪细胞会产生这样的行为，我们就可以利用这些信息来改变它们的行为。这些信息可能会通过影响健康、农业和食品科学行业来造福我们的社会。例如，这些信息可用于维持牲畜的肌肉或提高肉类的质量。我们的研究结果的潜在好处从个人到行业都是深远的。

Society has a preoccupation with fat. This preoccupation is far-reaching and extends from our concern with body fat to food and agriculture. For example in agriculture, there is a focus is on the amount and type of fat in dairy products and livestock. As a population or individual, we do not want to be too fat or too skinny. We are also fixated on how much fat we have and where we store it, whether it is around our stomachs or around our hips and thighs. The places in the body where fat is stored is different in males and females. We know that not all fat is equal and that fat behaves differently based on where and in whom fat is stored. For example, we know that fat stored in the upper body fat tissue releases more fat than in the lower body and that this release of fat is greater in males than in females. However, though we are preoccupied with fat as a society, we don't know much about the fat cell itself, the environment in which the fat cell lives, and how the fat cells interact with the rest of the body. The proposed program of research seeks to understand how fat cells are programmed to store the amount of fat that they do and how fat cell programming affects its surrounding tissue environment and biological systems. We also aim to see whether there are differences in how fat and fat cells behave in males vs females. To answer our questions we want to determine if early-life programming of the fat cell in males and females affects: 1) how the fat stored in muscle is used in excercise, 2) the communication between fat and muscle cells,  3) how fat produces hormones and uses acetyl CoA, a central molecule of metabolism. The findings from the proposed research program will contribute towards changing how we think about fat tissues and cells and its impact on biological systems. If we can understand why fat tissues and fat cells behave the way they do, we can use that information to target changes in their behaviour. This information would potentially benefit our society through impacting health, agriculture, and food science industries. For example, the information could be used to maintain muscle or improve quality of meat from livestock. The potential benefits of our findings are far reaching spanning from individuals to industry.