A holistic assessment of the role of building-integrated photovoltaic systems in the electrification and decarbonization of buildings

全面评估光伏建筑一体化系统在建筑电气化和脱碳中的作用

• 批准号: RGPIN-2021-02883
• 负责人: Kapsis, Konstantinos
• 金额: $ 1.97万
• 依托单位: University of Waterloo
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2021-01-01 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=741774
• 关键词: holistic; assessment; role; building; integrated

In Canada, residential and commercial buildings, and passenger vehicles are accountable for nearly 40% of secondary energy use and GHG emissions. The country is gradually transitioning toward electrification and decarbonization of the building and transportation sectors. Distributed energy resource technologies - specifically building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV), smart heat pumps (HP) and electric vehicles (EV) - can significantly contribute to this transition. The short term research objective - the focus of this proposal - is to apply a diverse research toolkit (modelling, simulation and experimental studies) to quantify the energy and environmental impact of combining BIPV with smart HP and EV. The scope of this proposal targets commercial and residential buildings. The proposed research involves a year-long experimental study of nine key BIPV photovoltaic system configurations. As a first step, a new experimental method for the determination of the solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) of BIPV windows will be developed. The new experimental method will use thermistor based pyranometers in order to overcome inaccuracies associated to standard procedures involving calorimetric measurements. Next, the SHGC measurements and the experimental performance data of the nine BIPV configurations will be used to develop parametric, hybrid BIPV models. Models will also be developed for smart HP, EV, and commercial and residential buildings based on (1) existing literature and (2) publicly available databases. All models will be "wrapped" under one comprehensive metamodel creating a co-simulation platform. Using an agent based modelling approach, all actions and interactions between the models and the power grid will be captured. Finally, the co-simulation platform will be used to study and assess the combined effect all these emerging technologies have on building energy and associated GHG emissions, in the Canadian context. Solution sets will be produced based on key performance indicators. The optimized solution sets will provide a clearer picture of the potential environmental and energy use benefits of BIPV systems, smart HP and EV. The above research will be led by the applicant and executed by 9.5 equivalent highly qualified personnel (HQP), including 3.5 equivalent PhD, 3 master's, and 2 undergraduate students. Trainees will gain significant experience with: (1) experimental measurement methods, (2) building performance modelling and simulations, and (3) fundamentals in energy, heat transfer and building controls; all of which are highly desired by industry and government. The research results will have the potential to greatly impact the thousands of new and existing Canadian buildings that will need to meet future low energy, low emission performance requirements. It is expected that the outcomes of the proposed research will show environmental and economic benefits that extend well beyond the boundaries of the building itself.

在加拿大，住宅和商业建筑以及乘用车占二次能源使用和温室气体排放的近40%。该国正在逐步向建筑和交通部门的电气化和脱碳过渡。分布式能源技术——特别是建筑集成光伏（BIPV）、智能热泵（HP）和电动汽车（EV）——可以为这一转变做出重大贡献。短期研究目标——本提案的重点——是应用多样化的研究工具包（建模、模拟和实验研究）来量化BIPV与智能HP和EV相结合对能源和环境的影响。这项建议的范围针对商业和住宅建筑。拟议的研究包括对九个关键BIPV光伏系统配置进行为期一年的实验研究。作为第一步，我们将开发一种新的实验方法来测定BIPV窗的太阳热增益系数。新的实验方法将使用基于热敏电阻的高温计，以克服与涉及量热测量的标准程序相关的不准确性。接下来，SHGC测量和9种BIPV配置的实验性能数据将用于开发参数化混合BIPV模型。还将基于(1)现有文献和(2)公开可用的数据库，为智能HP、电动汽车、商业和住宅建筑开发模型。所有模型将被“包装”在一个综合元模型下，创建一个联合仿真平台。使用基于代理的建模方法，将捕获模型和电网之间的所有动作和交互。最后，联合模拟平台将用于研究和评估所有这些新兴技术在加拿大环境下对建筑能源和相关温室气体排放的综合影响。将根据关键绩效指标生成解决方案集。优化的解决方案集将为BIPV系统、智能HP和电动汽车的潜在环境和能源使用效益提供更清晰的图景。上述研究将由申请人主导，由9.5名同等高素质人才（HQP）执行，其中包括3.5名同等博士，3名硕士，2名本科生。学员将获得以下方面的重要经验：(1)实验测量方法；(2)建筑性能建模和模拟；(3)能源、传热和建筑控制方面的基础知识；所有这些都是工业界和政府所高度期望的。研究结果将有可能极大地影响成千上万的新的和现有的加拿大建筑，这些建筑将需要满足未来的低能源，低排放的性能要求。预计拟议研究的结果将显示环境和经济效益，远远超出建筑本身的界限。