Spatial and temporal variation in the response of migratory species to anthropogenic land use

由于栖息地丧失、气候变化、迁徙障碍和过度捕猎等一系列威胁，全球迁徙物种正在减少。在这些威胁中，对迁徙物种和生物多样性最严重的威胁之一是农业的扩大和集约化。迁徙物种将在不同的地理区域和不同的生命阶段（例如繁殖与非繁殖）经历AEI的影响。因此，它们在年周期的一个时期的反应不一定能预测它们在另一个时期的反应。尽管如此，几乎所有关于这一主题的研究都采取了静态的方法，重点是一年中的特定时间和地点。如果我们要减轻AEI对迁徙物种的影响，我们需要一个更动态的方法来了解如何以及为什么对AEI的敏感性在空间和时间上变化，以及这些反应如何影响物种和群落的保护状况。 我的长期研究目标是研究物种和社区如何在年周期中对人类土地利用和气候变化做出反应，以及这些反应对保护的影响。我和我的学生们将在这份提案中探讨的短期目标集中在两个主要目标上。第一，迁移物种对农业土地利用的敏感性在空间和时间上有何不同，在年周期的特定阶段的敏感性与物种减少之间有何关系？第二，迁徙物种对农业土地利用反应最强烈的空间尺度在年周期的繁殖期和非繁殖期之间是否不同？在进行这项研究，我将培养1博士，3硕士和4理学士荣誉学生。随着人类对土地的使用强度不断增加，保护迁徙物种要求我们全面了解它们在年度周期的不同阶段如何应对这一威胁。我的学生和我将在本提案中进行的研究将采取一种新颖而动态的方法来应对这一挑战，通过使用公民科学数据的研究相结合，以确定宏观生态尺度和详细的实地研究的模式，并在加拿大的迁徙物种繁殖地和哥伦比亚的非繁殖地采用复制方法。这些研究的综合信息将有助于保护工作者建立地理保护优先事项，并针对年度周期中最具影响力的阶段，以恢复不断下降的候鸟种群。

Migratory species are declining globally due to a range of threats including habitat loss, climate change, barriers to migration and overhunting. Among these threats, one of the most serious for migratory species, and biodiversity in general, is the expansion and intensification of agriculture (AEI). Migratory species will experience the effects of AEI in different geographic regions and during different life stages (e.g. breeding vs non-breeding). Therefore, how they respond in one period of the annual cycle does not necessarily predict how they will respond in another. Despite this, nearly all research on this topic has taken a static approach with a focus on a particular time of year and location. If we are to mitigate the impacts of AEI on migratory species we need a more dynamic approach to understand how and why sensitivity to AEI varies across space and time, and how these responses influence the conservation status of species and communities. My long-term research goals are to study how species and communities respond to anthropogenic land-use and climate variability across the annual cycle and the implications of these responses for conservation. The short-term goals that my students and I will explore in this proposal focus on two main objectives. First, how does sensitivity to agricultural land-use vary for migratory species across space and time, and what is the relationship between sensitivity at particular stages of the annual cycle and species declines? Second, does the spatial scale at which migratory species respond most strongly to agricultural land-use vary between the breeding and non-breeding periods of the annual cycle? In conducting this research, I will train 1PhD, 3MSc and 4BSc honours students. Amidst the rising intensity of anthropogenic land use, the conservation of migratory species requires that we have a comprehensive understanding of how they respond to this threat at different stages of the annual cycle. The research that my students and I will conduct in this proposal will take a novel and dynamic approach to this challenge through a combination of studies that use citizen science data to identify patterns at macroecological scales and detailed field-based studies with a replicated approach on the breeding grounds of migratory species in Canada and on their non-breeding grounds in Colombia. The combined information from these studies will help conservation practitioners to establish geographical conservation priorities and target the most impactful stage of the annual cycle for the recovery of declining migratory bird populations.