Orogen parallel flow in convergent systems

山脉带通常标志着构造板块会聚的区域。与造山运动（或造山作用）有关的大部分变形都是沿着沿着发生的，这些断层促进了地壳的水平缩短和垂直增厚，从而驱动了造山运动。大多数研究山脉系统（造山带）的重点是表征结构，变质作用和垂直于造山带结构颗粒的地质年代学变化。这在阐明控制山脉系统如何发展的许多过程方面取得了广泛的成功。然而，仍然有一些根本性的问题没有使用这种传统的方法来解决，例如协调整个山脉带的总收敛和地质记录中认识到的总缩短的差异。喜马拉雅系统是印度和亚洲板块碰撞和会聚的结果，最近的研究报告了与预期的会聚平行方向垂直的造山带平行流动的局部地区。量化这种物质的平面外运动可能有助于解决一些悬而未决的问题，在了解造山带，如上述。喜马拉雅山的研究人员对造山带平行流动的驱动机制提出了各种不同的解释，但没有一种解释能用自洽模型解释所有观测结果。在喜马拉雅山中发现的平行造山流的地点直接位于被推压到亚洲之下的印度板块的地形高点之上。这种关系导致了这样的假设，即在这样的高点以上增强的压缩迫使物质通过造山带平行流侧向逃逸到邻近地区。在努纳维克的元古宙昂加瓦造山带和阿联酋暴露的白垩纪化石俯冲带也存在类似的地质关系。喜马拉雅、努纳维克和阿联酋造山带平行流的性质将成为多起由总部牵头的调查的重点为了了解变形的条件、对称性、特征和速率的细节，这些项目将是多学科的，并为HQP提供各种非常有价值的分析、项目管理和数据评估技术的实践经验，这些技术可直接转移到任何就业部门。本文提出的研究将有助于我的长期研究计划的目标，了解地质过程，治理山区带如何发展。至关重要的是，这项新的研究将有助于量化收敛系统中流动的3D性质，目前，这一点尚未得到充分研究，但对于开发具有代表性的造山热机械或模拟模型至关重要。这些模型可用于解释俯冲系统、相关的地震灾害以及复杂变形区域的矿体分布。

Mountain belts typically mark zones where tectonic plates convergence. Most of the deformation associated with mountain building (or orogenesis) is taken up along faults that facilitate horizontal shortening and vertical thickening of the crust, which drives mountain building. Most studies that examine mountain systems (orogens) focus on characterizing changes in structure, metamorphism, and geochronology perpendicular to the structural grain of the orogen. This has been broadly successful in elucidating many of the processes that govern how a mountain system develops. Yet, there remain fundamental questions that have not been solved using this traditional approach, such as reconciling discrepancies in the total convergence across a mountain belt and total the shortening recognized in the geological record. Recent studies within the Himalayan system, the result of collision and convergence between the Indian and Asian plates, have reported local areas of orogen-parallel flow, perpendicular to the expected convergence-parallel direction. Quantifying this out-of-plane movement of material may help solve some of the outstanding issues in understanding orogens such as that mentioned above. Researchers in the Himalaya have offered a variety of different interpretations for the driving mechanisms of orogen-parallel flow, none of which explain all observations in a self-consistent model. The localities in which orogen-parallel flow has been recognized in the Himalaya directly overlie topographic highs in the Indian plate that is being thrust under Asia. This relationship leads to the hypothesis that enhanced compression above such highs forces lateral escape of material to adjacent areas through orogen-parallel flow. Similar geological relationships occur in the Proterozoic Ungava orogen of Nunavik and the Cretaceous fossil subduction zone exposed in the U.A.E. The nature of orogen-parallel flow in the Himalaya, Nunavik and U.A.E. will serve as the focus of multiple HQP-led investigations. In order to understand the details of the conditions, symmetry, characteristics and rates of deformation, the projects will be multi-disciplinary and provide HQP hands-on experience with a variety of highly valuable analytical, project management and data assessment techniques that are directly transferrable to any employment sector. The research proposed herein will contribute to my long-term research program goal of understanding the geological processes that govern how mountain belts develop. Critically, this new research will help quantify the 3D nature of flow in convergent systems, which, at present, is under-investigated, yet fundamental to developing representative thermo-mechanical or analogue models of orogenesis. Such models can be used to inform interpretations of subduction systems, and associated seismic hazards, and ore body distribution in complexly deformed regions.