Design and optimization of sustainable closed-loop supply chain networks under uncertainty

大多数来自报废(EOL)和报废(EOU)产品的材料可以回收并用于生产新产品。回收计划带来了许多好处，如减少原材料消耗、节约能源和转移垃圾填埋场的垃圾。在这方面，闭环供应链网络(CLSCN)旨在为产品的整个生命周期创造价值。CLSCN是正向供应链(即供应商、生产商、零售商和客户区)和逆向物流网络(即收集站、回收中心、再制造工厂和处置中心)的集成。正向供应链包括几项将原材料转化为成品的活动，而逆向物流网络包括一些回收EOL和EOU产品的活动(例如，翻新和再制造)。如今，由于客户意识和政府关于保护环境的恢复选项的政策，CLSCN的设计正受到越来越多的关注。根据不列颠哥伦比亚省的回收条例，生产商负责其产品的生命周期管理(即收集和回收)。为此，生产商需要与参与逆向物流网络的其他各方合作，以管理一系列操作(例如，收集、运输、翻新和再制造)。虽然社会发展和环境保护应该被考虑到规划可持续的CLSCN，但现有的大多数研究都集中在回收计划的经济方面。同样，非常少量的研究集中在CLSCN的弹性上。然而，有许多不确定的参数(例如，退货的数量和质量)会影响整个网络的性能(例如，较高的加班和运输成本)。我的长期研究目标是推进最先进的方法，支持行业和社区建立高效的回收机制，其中几个设施在产品的整个生命周期中有效地合作。因此，在未来五年内，加拿大将为含有不可生物降解物质(如电子废物和塑料)的产品设计最佳的化学供应链网络，重点关注三个短期目标：(1)在化学供应链网络的配置中利用大数据分析制定数据驱动的决策过程，(2)使用多目标模型(即社会发展、环境保护和经济效益)设计可持续的化学供应链网络，(3)提出新的优化模式，以配置具有抗运营和中断风险影响的弹性的化学供应链网络。在这项研究计划中，CLSCN将被配置为改善与电子垃圾和塑料相关的现有回收计划的性能。这项研究将在加拿大节省成本、保护自然资源和保护环境等方面取得重大成果。

Most materials from end-of-life (EOL) and end-of-use (EOU) products can be recycled and used to produce new products. A great number of benefits are associated with recycling plans such as reducing the consumption of raw materials, saving energy, and diverting waste from landfills. In this regard, closed-loop supply chain networks (CLSCNs) are designed for creating value over the entire life cycle of products. A CLSCN is an integration of a forward supply chain (i.e., suppliers, producers, retailers, and customer zones) and a reverse logistics network (i.e., collection depots, recovery centers, remanufacturing plants, and disposal centers). Forward supply chains consist of several activities to convert raw materials to finished products, while reverse logistics networks include some activities (e.g., refurbishing and remanufacturing) to recover the EOL and EOU products. Nowadays, CLSCN design is experiencing growing attention due to customer awareness and government policies regarding recovery options to protect the environment. According to the recycling regulations in British Columbia, producers are responsible for the life cycle management (i.e., collection and recycling) of their products. To this aim, producers need to collaborate with other parties involved in reverse logistics networks to manage a sequence of operations (e.g., collection, transportation, refurbishing, and remanufacturing). Although social development and environmental protection should be considered for planning sustainable CLSCNs, most existing studies have focused on economic aspects of recycling plans. Similarly, a very small amount of research has focused on resiliency in CLSCNs. However, there are many uncertain parameters (e.g., quantity and quality of returned products) that affect the performance of the entire network (e.g., higher overtime and transportation costs). My long-term research objective is to advance state-of-the-art methods to support industries and communities to establish efficient recycling mechanism in which several facilities cooperate effectively over the entire life cycle of products. Therefore, over the next five years, optimal CLSCNs will be designed for products containing non-biodegradable substances (e.g., e-waste and plastics) in Canada by focusing on three short-term objectives:(1) To develop data-driven decision-making processes using big data analytics in the configuration of CLSCNs, (2) To design sustainable CLSCNs using multi-objective models (i.e., social development, environmental protection, and economic benefits), (3) To propose novel optimization models to configure CLSCNs that are resilient against the impact of operational and disruption risks. In this research program, CLSCNs will be configured to improve the performance of existing recycling plans related to e-waste and plastics. This research will have significant outcomes, such as saving costs, conserving natural resources, and protecting the environment in Canada.