Improving freeze tolerance of Vitis under a changing climate

提高葡萄在气候变化下的抗冻能力

• 批准号: RGPIN-2021-04190
• 负责人: Willwerth, James
• 金额: $ 2.4万
• 依托单位: Brock University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2021-01-01 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=742856
• 关键词: Improving; freeze; tolerance; Vitis; under

Cold hardiness research is critical for high-value crops such as wine grapes (Vitis spp.) with the threat of climate change. Perennial woody plants are stationary in nature and have evolved mechanisms to overwinter. During dormancy, plants gain and lose cold tolerance and it is highly dynamic in nature with many physical, physiological and metabolic changes. Cold hardiness follows a predictable seasonal pattern which includes cold acclimation in late fall, a period of maximum hardiness in winter, and cold deacclimation in the spring prior to bud break. Both genotype and environmental conditions impact dormancy and cold hardiness responses. The acclimation phase has been well studied in some plants, but cold hardiness and its mechanisms are not well understood for the deacclimation phase in woody plants such as Vitis spp. During the deacclimation phase, plants can gain back hardiness (reacclimation), an even less understood phenomenon. Therefore, a research program is required to understand the underlying mechanisms of how acclimation, deacclimation and reacclimation capacity are affected by changes in environmental conditions and in different Vitis genotypes. Furthermore, there is a gap of knowledge concerning the plant hormone abscisic acid, potential signaling and hormonal pathways during deacclimation and reacclimation and associated changes in cold hardiness related metabolites such as specific dehydrin proteins and carbohydrates. Therefore, the long-term objective of my research program is to gain a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of cold hardiness and associated molecular, physiological and metabolic changes in Vitis during different phases of dormancy. The goal is to improve grapevine cold tolerance and resiliency to the effects of climate change to ensure sustainability in fruit and wine production. This may be accomplished by treating plants with growth regulators and through identification of potential cold-hardiness-related markers that may be used for "best in class" cultivar, clonal and rootstock selection. A first step of achieving this long-term goal is to gain insights into potential signaling and hormonal pathways involved in cold deacclimation and reacclimation as well as corresponding cold hardiness metabolites. Therefore, the short-term objectives are: 1) Follow and analyze the expression of targeted genes during deacclimation/reacclimation of different Vitis genotypes. 2) Compare treatment effects of exogenous applications of ABA analogs, including a known cold hardiness enhancer and an ABA antagonist, on dormancy and cold tolerance of different Vitis genotypes. 3) Elucidate relationships between cold hardiness changes during deacclimation and reacclimation phases and molecular and biochemical changes of different Vitis genotypes treated with ABA analogs known as a cold hardiness enhancer as well as an ABA antagonist.

抗寒性研究对酿酒葡萄(Vitis spp.)面对气候变化的威胁。多年生木本植物在自然界中是静止的，并已进化出越冬机制。在休眠期间，植物的耐冷性时而增强，时而丧失耐冷性，在自然界中具有高度的动态性，具有许多生理、生理和代谢变化。耐寒性遵循可预测的季节模式，包括深秋的冷驯化，冬季的最强耐寒时期，以及萌芽前的春季冷脱驯化。品种和环境条件都会影响休眠和抗寒反应。驯化阶段在一些植物中已经得到了很好的研究，但对于葡萄等木本植物的脱驯化阶段，抗寒性及其机制还不是很清楚。在脱驯化阶段，植物可以恢复抗逆性(驯化)，这是一种更不为人所知的现象。因此，需要一个研究项目来了解驯化、脱驯化和驯化能力如何受到环境条件和不同葡萄基因型变化的影响的潜在机制。此外，关于植物激素脱落酸、脱驯化和驯化过程中的潜在信号和激素途径以及与抗寒相关的代谢物如特定的脱水蛋白和碳水化合物的相关变化，还存在知识空白。因此，我的研究计划的长期目标是全面了解葡萄在休眠不同阶段的抗寒机制及其相关的分子、生理和代谢变化。目标是提高葡萄的耐寒性和对气候变化影响的恢复能力，以确保水果和葡萄酒生产的可持续性。这可以通过用生长调节剂处理植物和鉴定潜在的与抗寒相关的标记来实现，这些标记可以用于“同类中最好的”品种、无性系和砧木的选择。实现这一长期目标的第一步是深入了解冷脱驯化和再驯化所涉及的潜在信号和激素途径，以及相应的耐寒代谢物。因此，本研究的短期目标是：1)跟踪和分析不同葡萄品种脱驯化/再驯化过程中靶基因的表达。2)比较外源ABA类似物(包括已知的抗寒性增强剂和ABA拮抗剂)对不同葡萄品种休眠和耐冷性的处理效果。3)阐明ABA类似物既是抗寒性增强剂又是ABA拮抗剂，不同葡萄品种在脱驯化和驯化过程中的抗寒性变化与分子和生化变化之间的关系。