Electrokinetic flow through charged, soft porous media

这项研究计划将研究以水和离子在纳米孔中的运动为基础的自然启发材料的结构和功能之间的关系。表面电荷和其他静电现象是这些受限区域中带电流体流动的主要驱动因素，导致了一系列纳米流体材料和器件中可以利用的不寻常的传输特性。例如，纳米流体二极管的工作原理类似于固体半导体二极管，但前者仅使用电解液工作。此外，在形状和功能方面，带电纳米通道让人想起生物离子通道，除了后者是柔软的，因此是可变形的。正是这种充电现象和形状变形之间的相互作用产生了这种生物成分的独特特征。因此，一个令人兴奋的发展方向是开发形状随操作条件动态变化的软纳米流体装置。除了控制电解液的运动，这还可能有助于精确处理浸入电解液中的大分子，这是芯片实验室技术非常希望达到的目标。虽然潜在的应用才刚刚开始出现，但理论模型可以指导实验，并在一个尚未取得很大进展的领域预测新的物理现象。主要目标是发展一致的连续介质模型，以分析电解液的流体运动和软质带电孔壁的动态形态之间的相互作用。还将研究这些孔之间的耦合，以预测宏观多孔材料的性能，如新型离子导电膜和复合电极。这项研究将开辟一个新的研究领域，将分析方法和计算相结合，有望对小范围流体流动的基本过程提供新的见解。总体愿景是建立理论工具，帮助设计新型功能材料，在电化学、生物系统和纳米流体设备中找到应用。加拿大在电化学和生物物理学方面的前沿研究享有盛誉，这项研究将有助于扩大该国在这些领域的能力和专业知识。预计这项工作将产生新的想法，可能导致创新的设备技术。

This research program will investigate the relation between structure and function of nature-inspired materials that are based on the motion of water and ions in nanoscale pores. Surface charging and other electrostatic phenomena are dominant drivers of charged fluid flow in these confined domains, giving rise to unusual transport features that can be exploited in a range of nanofluidic materials and devices.Examples are nanofluidic diodes whose operating principle is similar to that of solid semiconductor diodes, with the distinct difference that the former solely operate with electrolytes. Moreover, in terms of shape and functionality, charged nanochannels are reminiscent of biological ion channels, except the latter are soft and, hence, deformable. It is exactly this interplay between the charging phenomena and shape deformation that generates the unique features of such biological components.Therefore, an exciting way forward is the development of soft nanofluidic devices whose shape changes dynamically with operating conditions. In addition to the control of electrolyte motion, this may also facilitate precise handling of macromolecules immersed in the electrolyte, a much desired goal of lab-on-chip technologies.While potential applications only begin to emerge, theoretical models can guide experiments and predict new physical phenomena in an area where much progress is yet to be made. The main goal is the development of consistent continuum models to analyse the interaction between the fluid motion of electrolytes and the dynamic morphology of the soft, charged pore walls. The coupling among these pores will also be studied so as to predict properties of macroscopic porous materials such as new ion-conducting membranes and composite electrodes. This research will open up a new area of study where a combination of analytical methods and computations promises new insights into fundamental processes of fluid flow at small scales.The over-arching vision is to establish theoretical tools that aid in the design of novel, functional materials, finding application in electrochemistry, biological systems and nanofluidic devices. Canada has developed a strong reputation for leading-edge research in electrochemistry and biophysics, and this research will help expand the country's capacity and expertise in these areas. It is anticipated that new ideas will spin off from this work that may result in innovative device technology.