Why so mixed up? Exploring the history and adaptive significance of pervasive large chromosomal inversions in sunflowers.

为何如此混杂?

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    RGPIN-2021-02482
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 2.04万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    加拿大
  • 项目类别:
    Discovery Grants Program - Individual
  • 财政年份:
    2022
  • 资助国家:
    加拿大
  • 起止时间:
    2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

Across the planet we find species adapted to a wide range of habitats. This is true for species as well as individual populations that are locally adapted to their home environment. How adaptation is achieved and maintained is one of evolutionary biology's fundamental questions. Research has shown that for populations to be locally adapted - i.e., do better in their home environment - it requires the combined action of multiple mutations. This can be challenging when there is ongoing migration between environments bringing in non-adaptive alleles and breaking up combinations of adaptive alleles through recombination. Thus, adaptation depends not just on what alleles are present, but how they are packaged together in the genome. Chromosomal inversions occur when stretches of DNA invert. As a by-product, this prevents recombination between inverted and uninverted segments and can effectively lock together alleles. Theoretical work has predicted that inversions can be used to facilitate adaptation when there is migration from different environments, but this hasn't been empirically tested because of a lack of ecological knowledge or known inversions in studied taxa. Recently, we discovered that sunflowers (genus Helianthus) were polymorphic for 37 large inversions and that these inversions were associated with locally adaptive traits (Todesco, Owens et al. Nature, 2020). This provides an unprecedented opportunity to expand our understanding of why inversions appear and what they are doing now. One surprising fact is that sunflower inversions are very old, often older than the species they are found in. One possibility is that they were transferred in from other species through hybridization. We will test this by sequencing the genomes of potential donor species and comparing them to known inversion sequences. This raises the question, are these ancient inversions also found in other species? To answer this, we will develop a new method to detect ancient inversions by comparing reference genome sequences. Shifting sand dunes are a harsh landscape for any plant, but in sunflowers, some populations have adapted and thrive in this treacherous environment. We found that this adaptation was achieved through the use of seven ancient inversions. Were these inversions always important in sand dune adaptation or were they later co-opted for this function? We will answer this question using quantitative genetics to trace when the adaptive functions originated. Lastly, genome sequencing of other sand dune adapted species will find out if the same inversions are reused across the genus. Modern genome sequencing technology is increasingly revealing genome structure variation across the tree of life and the work proposed here will develop sunflowers as an ecological and genomic model for understanding the evolutionary role of inversions more broadly.
在这个星球上,我们发现物种适应了广泛的栖息地。这对于物种以及在当地适应其家园环境的个体种群来说都是如此。如何实现和维持适应是进化生物学的基本问题之一。 研究表明,要使种群适应当地环境,在它们的家庭环境中做得更好--这需要多种突变的联合作用。当环境之间存在持续的迁移时,这可能是具有挑战性的,从而引入非适应性等位基因并通过重组打破适应性等位基因的组合。因此,适应性不仅取决于存在哪些等位基因,还取决于它们如何在基因组中包装在一起。 染色体倒位发生在DNA片段倒位时。作为副产品,这防止了反向片段和非反向片段之间的重组,并且可以有效地将等位基因锁定在一起。理论工作已经预测,当有来自不同环境的迁移时,倒位可以用来促进适应,但由于缺乏生态知识或在所研究的分类群中已知的倒位,这还没有经过经验检验。最近,我们发现向日葵(向日葵属)对37个大倒位具有多态性,并且这些倒位与局部适应性性状相关(Todesco,Owens等人,Nature,2020)。这提供了一个前所未有的机会来扩大我们对反转为什么出现以及它们现在在做什么的理解。一个令人惊讶的事实是,向日葵倒位非常古老,通常比它们所发现的物种还要古老。一种可能性是它们是通过杂交从其他物种转移过来的。我们将通过对潜在供体物种的基因组进行测序并将其与已知的倒位序列进行比较来测试这一点。这就提出了一个问题,这些古老的倒位是否也存在于其他物种中?为了回答这个问题,我们将开发一种新的方法,通过比较参考基因组序列来检测古老的倒位。 移动的沙丘对任何植物来说都是一个严酷的景观,但在向日葵中,一些种群已经适应了这种危险的环境并茁壮成长。我们发现,这种适应是通过使用七个古老的倒置来实现的。这些倒置总是重要的沙丘适应或他们后来增选这一功能?我们将使用数量遗传学来追踪适应性功能何时起源来回答这个问题。最后,对其他适应沙丘的物种进行基因组测序,将发现相同的倒位是否在整个属中重复使用。 现代基因组测序技术越来越多地揭示了整个生命之树的基因组结构变异,这里提出的工作将开发向日葵作为更广泛地理解倒位进化作用的生态和基因组模型。

项目成果

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Owens, Gregory其他文献

Successful Desensitization of Three Patients with Hypersensitivity Reactions to Omalizumab
  • DOI:
    10.2174/157488611798918692
  • 发表时间:
    2011-01-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    1.5
  • 作者:
    Owens, Gregory;Petrov, Andrej
  • 通讯作者:
    Petrov, Andrej

Owens, Gregory的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Owens, Gregory', 18)}}的其他基金

Why so mixed up? Exploring the history and adaptive significance of pervasive large chromosomal inversions in sunflowers.
为何如此混杂?
  • 批准号:
    RGPIN-2021-02482
  • 财政年份:
    2021
  • 资助金额:
    $ 2.04万
  • 项目类别:
    Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Why so mixed up? Exploring the history and adaptive significance of pervasive large chromosomal inversions in sunflowers.
为何如此混杂?
  • 批准号:
    DGECR-2021-00022
  • 财政年份:
    2021
  • 资助金额:
    $ 2.04万
  • 项目类别:
    Discovery Launch Supplement
Developing methods to detect and quantify hybridization across the tree of life.
开发检测和量化生命树杂交的方法。
  • 批准号:
    538373-2018
  • 财政年份:
    2019
  • 资助金额:
    $ 2.04万
  • 项目类别:
    Banting Postdoctoral Fellowships Tri-council
Developing methods to detect and quantify hybridization across the tree of life.
开发检测和量化生命树杂交的方法。
  • 批准号:
    538373-2018
  • 财政年份:
    2018
  • 资助金额:
    $ 2.04万
  • 项目类别:
    Banting Postdoctoral Fellowships Tri-council
Shedding light on the molecular adaptations to aquatic vision: a 454 sequencing-based survey designed to characterize the remarkable diversity to fish opsin gene repertoires
揭示水生视觉的分子适应:一项基于 454 测序的调查,旨在描述鱼类视蛋白基因库的显着多样性
  • 批准号:
    391660-2010
  • 财政年份:
    2013
  • 资助金额:
    $ 2.04万
  • 项目类别:
    Alexander Graham Bell Canada Graduate Scholarships - Doctoral
Shedding light on the molecular adaptations to aquatic vision: a 454 sequencing-based survey designed to characterize the remarkable diversity to fish opsin gene repertoires
揭示水生视觉的分子适应:一项基于 454 测序的调查,旨在描述鱼类视蛋白基因库的显着多样性
  • 批准号:
    391660-2010
  • 财政年份:
    2012
  • 资助金额:
    $ 2.04万
  • 项目类别:
    Alexander Graham Bell Canada Graduate Scholarships - Doctoral
Shedding light on the molecular adaptations to aquatic vision: a 454 sequencing-based survey designed to characterize the remarkable diversity to fish opsin gene repertoires
揭示水生视觉的分子适应:一项基于 454 测序的调查,旨在描述鱼类视蛋白基因库的显着多样性
  • 批准号:
    391660-2010
  • 财政年份:
    2011
  • 资助金额:
    $ 2.04万
  • 项目类别:
    Alexander Graham Bell Canada Graduate Scholarships - Doctoral
Shedding light on the molecular adaptations to aquatic vision: a 454 sequencing-based survey designed to characterize the remarkable diversity to fish opsin gene repertoires
揭示水生视觉的分子适应:一项基于 454 测序的调查,旨在描述鱼类视蛋白基因库的显着多样性
  • 批准号:
    391660-2010
  • 财政年份:
    2010
  • 资助金额:
    $ 2.04万
  • 项目类别:
    Alexander Graham Bell Canada Graduate Scholarships - Doctoral
Investigating opsin gene expression and neuronal pathways in the split retina of the four eyed fish Anableps anableps
研究四眼鱼 Anableps anableps 分裂视网膜中的视蛋白基因表达和神经元通路
  • 批准号:
    378674-2009
  • 财政年份:
    2009
  • 资助金额:
    $ 2.04万
  • 项目类别:
    Alexander Graham Bell Canada Graduate Scholarships - Master's

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