Systems Biology of the Plant Effector-Triggered Immunity Landscape

植物效应器触发免疫景观的系统生物学

• 批准号: RGPIN-2022-04198
• 负责人: Desveaux, Darrell
• 金额: $ 5.68万
• 依托单位: University of Toronto
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=746521
• 关键词: Systems; Biology; Plant; Effector; Triggered

Agricultural pest and pathogens reduce the yield of the six largest food crops by >40% annually. However, plant diseases are the exception rather than the rule. How do the majority of plants resist infection? How do successful pathogens overcome the defenses of plants to cause disease? The answers to these questions are largely resolved at the interface between pathogens and their hosts. Understanding this molecular dialog is not only important for protecting our food supply, but also provides an extraordinary system for studying fundamental questions related to pathogenesis and host immunity. My research group has made significant NSERC funded advances in characterizing the range of ways that a pathogen can manipulate a host plant in order to cause disease and how plants can detect these perturbations to activate immune responses. The current research proposal builds on our contributions to the plant-microbe interactions field. Our long-term objective is to protect crop plants from pathogens. To achieve this goal we propose three objectives: 1. Study immunodiversity within & between host species including both wild and domesticated plants. 2. Study interactions between pathogenic virulence proteins (effectors) to determine how effector networks influence host-pathogen outcomes. 3. Map the interface between pathogen virulence proteins and their host targets to understand the molecular dialog that dictates the outcome of host-pathogen interactions. This study will identify pathogen effectors and host resistance genes that govern the outcome of host-pathogen interactions, providing fundamental information on the mechanisms underlying the molecular interplay between crops and their pathogens, as well as develop new genetic resources for breeding resistant crops. We will provide insight into how the plant immune response has changed over the course of crop domestication, especially how this process has impacted the maintenance of immunodiversity in domesticated crops. These studies will better enable us to respond to the unrelenting challenge imposed by bacterial pathogens; a threat that will only increase as the consequences of global climate change become more immediate.

农业有害生物和致病菌每年使六大粮食作物的产量减少50%至40%。然而，植物病害是例外，而不是规律。大多数植物是如何抵抗感染的？成功的病原体是如何克服植物的防御而致病的？这些问题的答案在很大程度上是在病原体和宿主之间的界面上解决的。了解这种分子对话不仅对保护我们的食物供应很重要，而且为研究与发病机制和宿主免疫相关的基本问题提供了一个非凡的系统。我的研究小组在NSERC资助下取得了重大进展，研究病原体如何操纵宿主植物以引起疾病，以及植物如何检测这些扰动以激活免疫反应。目前的研究计划建立在我们对植物-微生物相互作用领域的贡献之上。我们的长期目标是保护农作物免受病原体的侵害。为实现这一目标，我们提出三个目标：研究宿主物种（包括野生和驯化植物）内部和之间的免疫多样性。2. 研究致病性毒力蛋白（效应器）之间的相互作用，以确定效应器网络如何影响宿主-病原体的结果。3. 绘制病原体毒力蛋白与其宿主靶标之间的界面，以了解决定宿主-病原体相互作用结果的分子对话。本研究将确定病原菌效应因子和控制寄主-病原菌相互作用结果的宿主抗性基因，为作物与病原菌分子相互作用机制提供基础信息，并为培育抗性作物开发新的遗传资源。我们将深入了解植物免疫反应在作物驯化过程中的变化，特别是这一过程如何影响驯化作物免疫多样性的维持。这些研究将使我们能够更好地应对细菌病原体带来的无情挑战；随着全球气候变化的后果变得更加直接，这种威胁只会加剧。