Hydrogen from waste: a techno-economic and environmental assessment

传统燃料的生产和燃烧对加拿大温室气体(GHG)排放的贡献约为75%(分别为25%和50%)。氢是一种零排放(在使用时)的能源载体，可以取代传统燃料用于重型卡车加油。为加气站生产氢气的合适技术取决于几个因素，包括原料的可用性、规模，以及通过使用清洁能源或捕获二氧化碳过程排放使过程实现净零的能力。从各种废物来源产生氢气，包括城市固体废物、剩余生物质和工业废物，既促进了循环经济，又防止了垃圾在垃圾填埋场分解产生的温室气体排放，但成本可能很高。在这项研究计划中，将进行技术经济和环境分析，以了解在整个加拿大范围内满足这些标准的关键瓶颈和权衡，包括偏远和较小的社区，如北部的社区。由于不完全了解废物的性质，将进行表征和实验室规模的测试，以支持分析。希尔教授在催化和热化学转化方面拥有出色的实验研究记录，这是理解废物转化所使用的技术所必需的。她的合作者是David Layzell博士，一位在过渡加速器具有丰富技术经济分析经验的能源系统架构师，以及Daya Nhuchhen博士，一位系统建模专家和西北地区政府能源分析和监管事务顾问。这两个组织都将支持这一项目，并从成果中受益，其中包括有效的废物转化战略，以应对气候变化问题。该研究团队将包括一名博士后和两名博士后，他们将继续与技术提供商和氢气用户互动，以确保研究是现实的和相关的。这项研究的最终目标是一个示范项目。

The production and combustion of traditional fuels have a combined contribution of approximately 75% (~25% and 50%, respectively) to the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Canada. Hydrogen is a zero-emission (at point of use) energy carrier that can replace traditional fuels for heavy-duty truck fueling. The appropriate technology for producing the hydrogen for refueling stations depends on several factors including feed stock availability, scale, and the ability to make the process net-zero by using clean energy sources or capturing CO2 process emissions. Producing hydrogen from various waste sources, including municipal solid waste, residual biomass, and industrial waste both promotes a circular economy and prevents GHG emissions from the decomposition of the waste in landfill, but may be expensive. In this research program, techno-economic and environmental analyses will be done to understand the critical bottlenecks and trade-offs to meet these criteria throughout Canada including remote and smaller communities, such as those in the North. As the properties of waste are not fully understood, characterization and laboratory scale testing will be done to support the analyses. Professor Hill has an excellent experimental research record in catalytic and thermochemical conversion, which is needed to understand the technologies used in the conversion of waste. Her collaborators are Dr David Layzell, an energy systems architect with extensive experience in techno-economic analysis at The Transition Accelerator, and Dr Daya Nhuchhen an expert in systems modeling and an Advisor in Energy Analytics and Regulatory Affairs at the Government of the Northwest Territories. Both organizations will support this project and benefit from the outcomes that include effective strategies for the conversion of waste to address climate change issues. The research team, which will include a postdoctoral fellow and two PhD students, will continue to interact with technology providers and hydrogen users to ensure that the research is realistic and relevant. The ultimate goal of this research is a demonstration project.