Situational Awareness for Community-Based Resilience to Disasters and Climate Change

基于社区的灾害和气候变化抵御能力的态势感知

• 批准号: RGPIN-2022-04997
• 负责人: Soden, Robert
• 金额: $ 2.11万
• 依托单位: University of Toronto
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=750060
• 关键词: Situational; Awareness; Community; Based; Resilience

Disasters and climate change affect millions of people around the world, causing billions of dollars in damages annually and harming efforts towards sustainable development. They are especially pernicious problems in that poor and marginalized communities are often the most affected, and struggle the most to recover in the aftermath. Building societal resilience to disasters and climate change is a major priority of the Canadian government. As part of the government's contributions to the 2030 UN Sustainable Development Goal (Government of Canada 2018), Canada has committed to making cities and human settlements, both at home and abroad, safe, resilient, and sustainable. The technologies I will investigate through this research program support disaster and climate risk identification, risk communication, impact assessment, and response coordination and are central to societal efforts to understand and manage these complex challenges. Improvements to the tools and information systems that improve our ability to prevent, mitigate, and respond to the impacts of disaster and climate change stand to help innumerable people in Canada and around the world. This research program applies methods and theory from crisis informatics and human-centered design to the challenge of situational awareness, a core concept in emergency management that describes how people collectively perceive and coordinate response to crisis. The framing of situational awareness draws together diverse use cases and information and communication technologies (ICTs) used in disaster management into a program that is both comprehensive and tractable. By focusing on the specific information needs of communities, this research will respond to findings in crisis informatics that stress the importance of informal response to disaster. I will develop and evaluate novel mobile technologies as well as contribute new understandings how ICTs can support communities' ability to mitigate and recover from disasters and the impacts of climate change. In sum, this program will develop and implement a fundamentally new disposition towards the design of ICTs in disaster. It: 1) treats at-risk and affected communities as knowledgeable and resourceful; 2) accounts for the diverse information needs of users; and 3) recognizes the importance of emergent response groups and the role of civic technology organizations can play in coordinating between such groups and official disaster response entities in government and the humanitarian sector. Disasters and climate change provide complex and important real-world settings to advance the theoretical agenda around core concerns in HCI related to the social and environmental impacts of computing. This program will therefore also contribute to research in areas such as sustainable HCI, social computing, and social design.

灾害和气候变化影响着全世界数百万人，每年造成数十亿美元的损失，损害可持续发展的努力。它们是特别有害的问题，因为贫困和边缘化社区往往受到的影响最大，而且在灾后恢复方面的困难最大。建立社会对灾害和气候变化的适应能力是加拿大政府的一项主要优先事项。作为政府对2030年联合国可持续发展目标(加拿大政府2018年)的贡献的一部分，加拿大致力于使国内外的城市和人类住区安全、有弹性和可持续。我将通过这项研究计划调查的技术支持灾害和气候风险识别、风险沟通、影响评估和应对协调，对于理解和管理这些复杂挑战的社会努力来说是核心。提高我们预防、减轻和应对灾害和气候变化影响的能力的工具和信息系统的改进将帮助加拿大和世界各地的无数人。这项研究计划将危机信息学和以人为本的设计的方法和理论应用于情景感知的挑战，情景感知是应急管理中的一个核心概念，描述了人们如何集体感知和协调应对危机。态势感知的框架将灾害管理中使用的各种用例和信息和通信技术(ICT)结合在一起，形成一个既全面又易于处理的方案。通过关注社区的具体信息需求，这项研究将对危机信息学中强调非正式应对灾害的重要性的研究结果做出回应。我将开发和评估新的移动技术，并对信息和通信技术如何支持社区减轻灾害和从气候变化的影响中恢复的能力提出新的理解。总而言之，这一计划将在灾难中开发和实施一种全新的信通技术设计。它：1)将处于危险中的社区和受影响社区视为知识渊博和足智多谋；2)考虑到用户的不同信息需求；3)认识到应急小组的重要性以及民间技术组织在协调这类小组与政府和人道主义部门官方救灾实体之间可以发挥的作用。灾害和气候变化提供了复杂而重要的现实环境，以推动围绕人机界面中与计算的社会和环境影响有关的核心问题的理论议程。因此，该计划还将有助于可持续人机界面、社会计算和社会设计等领域的研究。