Hydrothermal ore-forming processes in modern and ancient arc-backarc systems

现代和古代弧后系统的热液成矿过程

• 批准号: RGPIN-2022-04424
• 负责人: Stewart, Margaret
• 金额: $ 1.89万
• 依托单位: Mount Royal University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=750953
• 关键词: Hydrothermal; ore; forming; processes; modern

As Canada's known mineral resources are depleted, there is a growing need for improved geological models of ore-forming systems that will contribute to discoveries at greater depths and in regions with limited historical exploration. The demand for metals (e.g., Cu, Zn, Pb, Au) hosted by hydrothermal (e.g., volcanogenic massive sulphide) and magmatic-hydrothermal (e.g., epithermal, porphyry, intrusion-related gold) ore deposits formed in volcanic arc-backarc systems is becoming especially critical as low-carbon energy sources replace non-renewable resources. Meeting these demands will require an innovative approach to studying volcanic ore systems that integrates an understanding of the controls on mineralization at the district to deposit scale. The proposed research program will test the hypothesis that major ore-forming events throughout Earth's history are the product of significant tectonic changes and that identifying key characteristics associated with these changes will directly contribute to improved exploration models for magmatic-hydrothermal ore deposits. This research will address several fundamental questions: 1) What is the role of the tectonic environment on metal endowment in volcanic ore systems?; 2) What are the factors responsible for significant variations in metal endowment between similar volcanic and tectonic environments?; 3) At what point in the tectonic history of a volcanic terrane do crustal-scale faults develop, and for how long are these faults active?; and 4) How have the major volcanic and tectonic processes controlling ore deposition changed from the Archean to present? In the next five years, this program will focus on the relationship between the development of crustal-scale faults and their use as magma and fluid conduits associated with ore formation in modern and ancient submarine to emergent volcanic settings. This program is subdivided into three main projects to test the hypothesis outlined above. These projects will investigate the metallogeny of the Stikine Terrane in NW British Columbia, characterize the volcanic and structural setting of ore-hosting environments in modern arcs of the SW Pacific, and compare hydrothermal, volcanic, and tectonic processes associated with ore formation in modern and ancient volcanic environments. These projects have a strong HQP focus and will train 13 HQP (3 MSc, 10 BSc) in field mapping, data analysis, and remote-predictive mapping of the seafloor over a 5-year period. The results of this research program will directly contribute to a better understanding of large-scale controls on mineralization within a global tectonic context and to improved exploration models for volcanic ore systems in Canada and globally.

随着加拿大已知矿产资源的枯竭，越来越需要改进成矿系统的地质模型，这将有助于在更深的地方和历史勘探有限的地区进行发现。对金属的需求（例如，Cu、Zn、Pb、Au），火山成因块状硫化物）和岩浆热液（例如，随着低碳能源取代不可再生资源，火山弧-弧后系统中形成的浅成热液、斑岩、与侵入体有关的金矿床正变得尤为重要。满足这些要求将需要一种创新的方法来研究火山矿石系统，这种方法将对地区成矿控制的理解整合到存款规模。拟议的研究方案将检验这一假设，即地球历史上的主要成矿事件是重大构造变化的产物，确定与这些变化有关的关键特征将直接有助于改进岩浆热液矿床的勘探模型。本研究将解决以下几个基本问题：1）构造环境对火山岩成矿系统中金属赋矿的作用是什么？2)在相似的火山和构造环境中，造成金属丰度显著变化的因素是什么？3)在火山岩的构造历史中，地壳规模的断层是在什么时候形成的？这些断层活动了多长时间？（4）控制成矿作用的主要火山作用和构造作用从太古代到现代发生了怎样的变化？在未来五年内，该计划将侧重于地壳规模断层的发展与其作为现代和古代海底到新兴火山环境中与成矿相关的岩浆和流体管道的使用之间的关系。该计划被细分为三个主要项目，以测试上述假设。这些项目将调查西北部不列颠哥伦比亚省的Stikine地体的成矿作用，描述西南太平洋现代弧中含矿环境的火山和构造背景，并比较现代和古代火山环境中与成矿有关的热液、火山和构造过程。这些项目非常关注HQP，将在5年内对13名HQP（3名理学硕士、10名理学学士）进行海底野外测绘、数据分析和远程预测测绘方面的培训。该研究项目的结果将直接有助于更好地了解全球构造背景下对矿化的大规模控制，并改善加拿大和全球火山矿石系统的勘探模型。