Understanding rock slope failure and coseismic landslide hazard in deglaciated Cordilleran landscapes

岩石边坡失稳是安第斯山脉地区滑坡灾害的主要来源，其典型特征是高海拔，大地形和动态山坡，河流和冰川过程。虽然罗克瀑布对城市地区和交通走廊构成局部威胁，但大量岩石滑坡可能导致破坏性的长期岩石雪崩、泥石流和影响大面积的突发洪水。例如，1970年的Mt。秘鲁瓦斯卡兰山体滑坡造成数千人死亡。最近，2021年印度喜马拉雅山的Chamoli岩石雪崩损坏了两座发电厂，造成200多人死亡。在加拿大西部，有几个大型岩石边坡破坏的例子，如1903年的弗兰克滑坡，1965年的希望滑坡和2010年的山。微薄的幻灯片。由于气候变化，冰川加速退缩，增加了边坡失稳的可能性。此外，西南部的不列颠哥伦比亚省位于高地震危险的地区，但大地震引起的山体滑坡的风险还没有得到很好的了解。我的研究计划的首要长期目标是了解在不同尺度的冰川消融高山设置控制岩石边坡故障的因素，以及这些因素在地质时期的空间分布和演变如何影响当今的大型岩石滑坡，福尔斯和雪崩的危险。此外，我的目标是了解如何大地震可能会导致轻微稳定的冰消岩坡失败。拟议研究的短期目标是：1）提高对岩石边坡稳定性的岩土工程和地质控制的理解，2）评估冰川动力学对边坡变形响应和稳定性的影响，以及3）评估地震诱发滑坡在可能的地震情景中的危害。我的小组将进行广泛的工程地质实地勘察，以进行选定的案例研究、遥感数据采集和处理，以及不同时间和空间尺度的二维和三维岩土数值建模。利用由此产生的模型，我们将研究诸如渐进破坏、冰川边缘的冰川-斜坡相互作用以及岩石斜坡中地震震动的影响等过程。 预期成果将扩大对高山景观复杂斜坡过程的科学理解，有助于HQP在尖端应用地球科学和地球工程技能方面的培训，并为跨学科研究和与工程地质和地质灾害研究人员的国际合作奠定基础。该研究计划将通过提供新的知识，改善气候变化和地震风险背景下的滑坡灾害评估，使加拿大受益。我们的研究结果将改善工程和土地规划工具的设计，以减少灾害风险，防止加拿大科迪勒拉山脉和全球山区的生命和关键基础设施的损失。

Rock slope failures are a major source of landslide hazards in Cordilleran landscapes, which are typically characterized by high altitudes, large relief and dynamic hillslope, fluvial and glacial processes. While rock falls pose a localized threat to urban areas and transport corridors, large volume rock slides can result in destructive, long runout rock avalanches, debris flows and outburst floods that affect large areas. For example, the 1970 Mt. Huascaran landslide in Peru caused thousands of deaths. More recently, the 2021 Chamoli rock avalanche in the Indian Himalayas damaged two power plants and killed over 200 people. In western Canada there are several examples of large rock slope failures, such as the 1903 Frank slide, the 1965 Hope slide and the 2010 Mt. Meager slide. Accelerated glacier retreat due to climate change is increasing the likelihood of slope failures. Furthermore, southwestern British Columbia is located in an area of high seismic hazard, but the risk of landslides induced by large earthquakes is not well understood. The overarching long-term goal of my research program is to understand the factors controlling rock slope failures at different scales in deglaciated high mountain settings, and how the spatial distribution and evolution of such factors in geological time influence the present-day hazard of large rock slides, falls and avalanches. Moreover, I aim to understand how large earthquakes may induce failure in marginally stable deglaciated rock slopes. The short-term objectives of the proposed research are to: 1) Improve understanding of geotechnical and geological controls on rock slope stability, 2) Evaluate the influence of glacier dynamics on the deformation response and stability of the slopes, and 3) Assess the hazard of earthquake-induced landslides in likely earthquake scenarios. My group will carry out extensive engineering geological field reconnaissance for selected case studies, remote sensing data acquisition and processing, and 2D and 3D geotechnical numerical modelling at different temporal and spatial scales. With the resulting models, we will investigate processes such as progressive failure, glacier-slope interaction in glacier margins and the effect of seismic shaking in rock slopes. The expected outcomes will expand scientific understanding of complex slope processes in high mountain landscapes, contribute to training of HQP in cutting-edge applied geosciences and geo-engineering skills, and form the basis for interdisciplinary research and international collaboration with researchers in engineering geology and geohazards. The research program will benefit Canada by providing new knowledge for improved landslide hazard assessment in the context of climate change and seismic risk. Our results will improve the design of engineering and land planning tools for disaster risk reduction, preventing loss of lives and critical infrastructure in the Canadian Cordillera and mountain regions worldwide.