Next Generation of Ultra-Fast Chargers for Electrified Transportation

交通运输是加拿大第二大温室气体(GHG)排放源。克服这些挑战的一个有希望的解决方案是零排放汽车，如电池电动汽车(BEV)。社会广泛采用电动汽车的主要障碍是充电时间、续航里程焦虑和缺乏充电基础设施。充电基础设施是主要障碍之一，因为它对其他障碍有很大影响。如果没有全国范围内的低成本电动汽车充电站，里程焦虑和充电时间就无法得到解决。低功率电动汽车充电器安装在车内，需要连接到电源插座。然而，充电时间可能长达几个小时。超快电动汽车充电器是一种高功率充电器，能量直接供给电池，可以将充电时间缩短到几分钟。由于大功率充电器对配电网的负面影响，它们不能安装在家里，特别是居住在没有指定停车位的公寓/家庭中的个人。因此，拥有大量的超高速电动汽车充电站是必要的，需要在城市和高速公路上安装，解决充电时间和里程的焦虑，特别是长途出行。最先进的超快充电器需要通过线路频率变压器将中压(MV)交流转换为低压(LV)交流。这种结构的主要挑战是高成本和高体积，以及由于笨重和昂贵的行频变压器而导致的低效率。为了克服这些挑战，中压连接的超快充电器是一种解决方案，与低压连接的充电解决方案相比，它在成本、效率和尺寸方面都有显著改进。长期研究旨在开发用于电动交通的大功率超快充电系统，包括电动汽车、轻型/重型商用车、越野车、电动船舶以及更多/全电动飞机。这使得能够克服采用电动交通的障碍，促进清洁交通。这项研究计划的短期目标是开发和原型超快充电站，作为现有加油站的替代品，同时提高整个系统的整体效率、成本、功率密度和电能质量。这项研究计划将在几个技术领域创造创新，包括电源架构和拓扑、半导体器件、先进磁学和高性能控制。期待该研究项目的理论成果和成功实施，为下一代电气化交通引入新技术、新产品和熟练的HQP。这些技术将有助于促进电动汽车在加拿大的采用增长，并显著减少温室气体排放。

Transportation is the second-largest source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Canada. One of the promising solutions to overcome these challenges is zero-emission vehicles such as Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV). The main barriers regarding wide electric vehicle (EV) adoption by society are charging time, range anxiety, and lack of charging infrastructures. The charging infrastructure is one of the main barriers since it significantly affects the other barriers. Without low-cost EV charging stations across the country, range anxiety and charging time cannot be addressed. The low-power EV chargers are mounted inside the vehicle and require to be connected to the power outlets. However, the charging time can take up to several hours. Ultra-fast EV chargers are the high-power chargers in which energy is fed directly to the batteries and can reduce the charging time as low as few minutes. Due to the negative affect of high-power chargers on distribution networks, they cannot be installed at home and specially for the individuals living in apartments/homes without designated parking spaces. Therefore, having a large number of ultra-fast EV charging stations is a necessity to be installed across the cities and highways, and address the charging time and range anxiety especially for long-distance trips. State of the art ultra-fast chargers require to convert medium-voltage (MV) ac to low-voltage (LV) ac through line-frequency transformers. The main challenges of this structure are high cost and size, and low efficiency due to the bulky and expensive line-frequency transformer. To overcome these challenges, an MV-connected ultra-fast charger is a solution that leads to significant improvements in terms of cost, efficiency, and size in comparison to LV-connected charging solution. The long-term research aims to develop high-power ultra-fast charging systems for electrified transportation including electric cars, light/heavy commercial vehicles, off-road vehicles, electric ships, and more/all electric aircrafts. This enables to overcome barriers to electric transportation adoption and promote clean transportation. The short-term objective of this research program is to develop and prototype ultra-fast charging station, as a replacement of present gasoline station, while improving overall efficiency, cost, power density, and power quality of the overall system. This research program will create innovation in several technical areas including power architectures and topologies, semiconductor devices, advanced magnetics, and high performance control. It is expected that the theoretical results and the successful implementation of this research program introduce new technologies and products and skilled HQP for the next generation of electrified transportation. These technologies will help to facilitate the growth of EV adoption in Canada and provide a significant reduction in GHG emissions.