Coherent Microwave Scattering from Rough Surface-capped Inhomogeneous Volumes encountered in Land and Maritime Environments

陆地和海洋环境中粗糙表面覆盖的不均匀体积的相干微波散射

• 批准号: RGPIN-2018-06754
• 负责人: Rabus, Bernhard
• 金额: $ 5.68万
• 依托单位: Simon Fraser University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=752987
• 关键词: Coherent; Microwave; Scattering; Rough; Surface

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is a remote sensing technique that transmits microwave radiation and focuses the recorded backscatter of the Earth into corresponding SAR images using sophisticated computer algorithms. These images reveal details and characteristics of the Earth's surface and the volume layers or structures close to it, such as snow, vegetation, human infrastructure, ocean features, sea ice, and ships. Interferometric SAR (InSAR) compares two or more SAR images acquired over the same area, but at different times, to derive subtle changes between the images. SAR and InSAR are critical technologies for applications such as maritime surveillance and environmental monitoring. While, there have been tremendous advances in SAR technology, techniques, and applications, some of the underlying fundamental processes and detailed physics of active microwave scattering from land and maritime environments remain insufficiently explored and understood. I propose to study open fundamental research questions on the interaction of active microwaves with surface matter such as vegetation, soil, ocean, and ice/ snow. 1) Investigate how microwaves interact with bare, uncovered soil with realistic, variable moisture distributions. Find how soil parameters such as near surface bulk moisture and vertical moisture gradients can be extracted from the strength and delay of the microwave signal. The anticipated results will be important for new and improved SAR applications that depend on soil moisture data, in areas ranging from agriculture yield prediction to mine field clearance.2) Study how microwave scatter from Earth environments is correlated between acquisitions at different times and with different spatial characteristics. The results will be used to find a general correlation model (InSAR coherence) for representative Earth environments as a function of microwave properties. The anticipated results will have an important down-stream impact on InSAR applications, ranging from vegetation parameter retrieval to displacement time series e.g. monitoring landslide movement and subsidence.3) Explore how microwaves of different wavelengths interact with realistic moving ocean surfaces, consisting of wind ripples and foam on top of larger waves. The anticipated results will lead to new and improved maritime SAR applications such as vessel detection and characterization. A better physical description of the ocean background (clutter) will increase our ability to detect smaller vessels in high sea states. I propose a unique combination of analytical description, computer simulations, and laboratory experiments to efficiently achieve the stated objectives. This approach will provide excellent opportunities for training highly qualified personnel for academia, space and IT industries, and government organizations such as the Canadian Space Agency and Environment Canada.

合成孔径雷达（SAR）是一种遥感技术，可传输微波辐射，并使用复杂的计算机算法将记录的地球记录的反向散射聚焦到相应的SAR图像中。这些图像揭示了地球表面的细节和特征以及靠近其的体积层或结构，例如雪，植被，人类基础设施，海洋特征，海冰和船只。干涉SAR（INSAR）比较了在同一区域中获得的两个或多个SAR图像，但是在不同的时间，可以从图像之间获得微妙的变化。 SAR和INSAR是用于海上监视和环境监测等应用的关键技术。 尽管SAR技术，技术和应用取得了巨大的进步，但一些基本的基本过程以及从土地和海上环境中积极的微波散射的详细物理学仍未得到充分的探索和理解。我建议研究有关活动微波与植被，土壤，海洋和冰/雪等表面物质相互作用的开放基础研究问题。 1）研究微波如何与裸露的，可变的水分分布相互作用。查找如何从微波信号的强度和延迟中提取土壤参数，例如近地面散装水分和垂直水分梯度。 预期的结果对于取决于土壤水分数据的新的和改进的SAR应用将很重要，从农业产量预测到矿场清除范围。2）研究在不同时间和不同的空间特征之间，从地球环境中的微波散射在地球环境中如何相关。 该结果将用于找到代表性地球环境的一般相关模型（Insar Coolerence）作为微波特性的函数。预期的结果将对内部应用产生重要的下游影响，从植被参数检索到位移时间序列，例如监测滑坡运动和沉降。3）探索不同波长的微波炉如何与逼真的移动海洋表面相互作用，由风涟漪和泡沫组成，在较大波浪的顶部。预期的结果将导致新的和改进的海上SAR应用，例如船舶检测和表征。更好地描述海洋背景（混乱）将提高我们检测到高海状态下较小船只的能力。 我提出了分析描述，计算机模拟和实验室实验的独特组合，以有效地实现既定目标。这种方法将为培训高素质的人员提供学术界，空间和IT行业以及加拿大航天局和加拿大环境部等政府组织的良好机会。