Investigation of High-rise Building Ventilation for Achieving Safety and Energy Efficiency

高层建筑通风安全与节能研究

• 批准号: RGPIN-2019-05824
• 负责人: Qi, Dahai
• 金额: $ 1.97万
• 依托单位: Université de Sherbrooke
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=753839
• 关键词: Investigation; rise; Building; Ventilation; Achieving

Canada has made a commitment to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to 80% below 2005 levels by 2050. The buildings sector accounts for roughly 29% of energy use in Canada and almost 25% of GHG emissions. Compared with other types of buildings, high-rise buildings have a higher cooling load and are more energy intensive, which leads to periods of peak electricity demand on the utility grid in Canada during the summer. Therefore, reducing the cooling load of high-rise buildings is critical to energy savings and reduction of peak electricity demand. High-rise ventilative cooling (HVC) has proved to be an effective solution for reducing cooling load. Due to Canada's cold climate, HVC is available for a long time throughout the year, not only during the shoulder season, but also in summer. Wide application of HVC in Canada could help Canada realize its commitment in transitioning to a competitive and resilient low-carbon economy. However, fire safety is a major concern for wide HVC application. The stack effect in the large vertical spaces of high-rise buildings is beneficial for HVC but is also a great challenge for high-rise fire smoke protection. Although previous studies have focused on the issue of energy efficiency or safety of HVC, few of them have investigated these two aspects simultaneously and the associated optimum HVC design. Therefore, the conflict between high-rise ventilation and safety has not been solved, which has impeded the promotion of HVC application and become an obstacle for Canada in realizing its commitment. The overall objective of this research program is to optimize HVC design in cold climates by considering both aspects of building safety and energy efficiency. To achieve this, the research program will address the following gaps in the literature: (1) theoretical study of heat and mass transfer in high-rise ventilation and fire smoke control; (2) optimum HVC design in cold climates by considering both aspects of building safety and energy efficiency; (3) case study of high-rise ventilation for achieving safety and energy efficiency. This will be one of the first interdisciplinary research programs on building energy efficiency and safety. It will contribute to a deep understanding of heat and mass transfer in high-rise ventilation and smoke control, optimum HVC design and real HVC application in Canada. With support from the NSERC Discovery Grant, the applicant will pioneer the research and application of ventilative cooling in high-rise buildings in the world. It will promote the application of HVC across Canada and worldwide and contribute to safety, economical (energy efficiency) and environmental aspects (e.g. GHG emissions) related to high-rise buildings. It will also support the training of two PhD, two MSc, and two undergraduate students with expertise in both building safety and energy efficiency, which is highly sought after in a fast expanding area.

加拿大承诺到2050年将温室气体排放量减少到2005年水平的80%。建筑业约占加拿大能源使用量的29%，温室气体排放量的近25%。与其他类型的建筑物相比，高层建筑具有更高的冷却负荷，并且更加能源密集，这导致夏季加拿大公用电网的电力需求高峰期。因此，减少高层建筑的冷负荷对节能和减少高峰电力需求至关重要。高层建筑通风供冷已被证明是一种有效的解决方案，以减少冷负荷。由于加拿大的寒冷气候，HVC全年都有很长一段时间，不仅在肩季，而且在夏季。在加拿大广泛应用高价值链可以帮助加拿大实现其向有竞争力和有弹性的低碳经济过渡的承诺。然而，消防安全是广泛HVC应用的主要关注点。高层建筑大垂直空间内的烟囱效应对HVC有利，但也是高层建筑火灾烟气防护的一大挑战。虽然以往的研究集中在HVC的能源效率或安全性的问题，他们很少同时调查这两个方面和相关的最佳HVC设计。因此，高层建筑通风与安全之间的矛盾一直没有得到解决，阻碍了HVC应用的推广，成为加拿大实现其承诺的障碍。 本研究计划的总体目标是通过考虑建筑安全和能源效率两个方面来优化寒冷气候下的HVC设计。为了实现这一目标，该研究计划将解决文献中的以下空白：（1）高层通风和火灾烟气控制中的热质传递理论研究;（2）通过考虑建筑安全和能源效率两个方面，在寒冷气候条件下优化HVC设计;（3）高层通风实现安全和能源效率的案例研究。这将是第一个跨学科的研究项目之一，对建筑能源效率和安全。这将有助于深入了解高层通风和防排烟中的传热传质过程，优化HVC设计和真实的HVC在加拿大的应用。在NSERC发现基金的支持下，申请人将在世界范围内率先研究和应用通风冷却在高层建筑中的应用。它将在加拿大和全球范围内推广HVC的应用，并有助于与高层建筑相关的安全，经济（能源效率）和环境方面（例如温室气体排放）。它还将支持培养两名博士，两名硕士和两名本科生，他们在建筑安全和能源效率方面都有专业知识，这在快速发展的领域中备受追捧。