Greenhouse gas emission factors from peat extraction, use and after use

加拿大12%的土地被泥炭地覆盖，含有超过140 Gt C，使泥炭地成为加拿大最大的生物碳库之一。 碳以CO2形式的损失是通过泥炭地土地利用变化直接（如泥炭开采）、转换为其他土地利用（如农业、植树造林、土地开发）或间接（如油砂开发、水电站蓄水等）造成的。加拿大有一个小的，但重要的提取泥炭工业，泥炭主要用于园艺。 在加拿大估计的1.2x106平方公里的泥炭地中，有300平方公里被用于提取泥炭，对加拿大的CO2排放清单（> 7 x108吨CO2年）的影响很小（<2.2x106吨CO2年）。然而，对于这一行业，通过税收或上限和交易计划，未来潜在的二氧化碳成本可能高达10，000，000美元/年。 加拿大泥炭业一直非常积极地支持研究开发技术的生物恢复泥炭地，我们最近的研究表明，生物恢复导致自然泥炭地C循环的恢复在十年内。 然而，由于我们的泥炭地模型缺乏经验观察和参数，我们无法告诉业界，在10至30年的泥炭开采期间，温室气体排放量（GHG）是多少，或者在泥炭使用期间和之后，有多少提取的泥炭作为CO2损失回大气。我们在未来五年的目标是对生产泥炭地和使用中的泥炭以及使用后的泥炭进行多年温室气体排放测量，以确定排放量的变化率;为泥炭工业周期的提取，使用和使用后阶段制定温室气体排放因子（EF）;以及参数化模型，以模拟泥炭提取导致的泥炭地排放量的净变化。 这项工作将使该行业能够描绘其温室气体足迹，并与负责报告国家清单的省级和联邦机构有关。下游排放在2015年巴黎气候变化巴黎雅阁后的讨论中以及作为未来认证计划一部分的未来温室气体报告中变得越来越重要。

Twelve percent of Canada is covered with peatlands and containing well over 140 Gt C, making peatlands one of Canada's largest biological carbon pools. The loss of C as CO2 ts through peatland land-use change either directly (e.g. peat extraction), conversion to other land uses (e.g. agricultural, tree plantations, land development) or indirectly (e.g. oil sand development, flooding for hydroelectric reservoirs, etc.). Canada has a small, but important extraction peat industry where the peat is primarily used in horticulture. 300 km2 of Canada's estimated 1.2 x 106 km2 of peatlands have been used for peat extraction, having a tiny effect (<2.2 x 106 t CO2 yr-1) on Canada's CO2 emission inventory (> 7 x 108 t CO2 yr-1). However, for this industry potential future CO2 costs through taxes or cap and trade schemes could be up to $10,000,000/yr. The Canadian peat industry has been very proactive in supporting research on developing techniques for the biological restoration peatlands, and our recent research has shown that biological restoration leads to the return of the natural peatland C cycle within a decade of restoration. However, we cannot tell the industry, due to a lack empirical observations and parameters for our peatland models, what the greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) are during the 10 to 30-year peat extraction period, or how much of the extracted peat is lost back to the atmosphere as CO2 during and after the peat is used. Our objectives over the next five years are to conduct multi-year GHG emission measurements on production peatlands and on peat in use and after use to determine the rate changes in emissions; to develop GHG emission factors (EFs) for the extractive, in use, and after-use stages of the peat industry cycle; and parameterized models to simulate the net change in emissions for peatlands that result from peat extraction. This work will enable the industry to delineate its GHG footprint and it is relevant to provincial and federal agencies responsible for reporting national inventories. Downstream emissions are becoming more important in post UNFCC Paris Accord 2015 discussions and to the future GHG reporting as part of future certification schemes.