Collaborative Research: Climate-induced sea-level rise, warming and herbivory effects on vegetation and greenhouse gas emission in coastal western Alaska

合作研究：气候引起的海平面上升、变暖和食草对阿拉斯加西部沿海植被和温室气体排放的影响

• 批准号: 2113750
• 负责人: Katharine Kelsey
• 金额: $ 37.7万
• 依托单位: University of Colorado at Denver-Downtown Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-02-01 至 2026-01-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2113750&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Climate; induced; sea

Arctic coastal wetlands are experiencing the effects of climate change, including warming temperatures, flooding from sea level rise, and changes to the number of geese that migrate in the summer and graze on local plants. The Yukon-Kuskokwim (Y-K) Delta of Alaska is one of the largest river deltas in the world and an important ecosystem for millions of migratory geese. This research looks at how warming, increased flooding, and changes in the impacts of geese will affect different plant communities and the uptake and release of greenhouse gases, which influence the rate of climate change. The investigators will conduct field experiments in different plant communities that will experience different levels of flooding, warming, and goose impacts, and measure plant and greenhouse gas responses to these changes. The investigators will also conduct laboratory experiments where the investigators can tightly control temperature, flooding, and effects of geese to better understand the mechanisms behind our measured field responses. This project expands our understanding because it will be conducted across both coastal and inland landscapes in the Y-K Delta, unlike previous research. The experiments will look at complex interactions between flooding, warming, and goose grazing to tease apart these three effects. The deep understanding provided from these experiments can also be applied to other ecosystems because many coastal regions in the Arctic are experiencing similar climate changes. The investigators will work with a school teacher to build learning modules based on this research that will be used in middle schools across native villages in the Y-K Delta. The researchers will work with local high school students at the research site to train them in field techniques as well as help them develop a story about the research for the local radio station. Finally, the investigators will train and mentor a post-doctoral researcher, two graduate students, and undergraduates at three universities, who will disseminate their findings through scientific conferences and publications. Arctic coastal wetlands are experiencing significant consequences of climate change, including increasing temperature, rising sea level, and changing waterfowl abundances. The Yukon-Kuskokwim (Y-K) Delta in Alaska, one of the largest river deltas in the world, is an important refuge for millions of migratory birds and one of the most vulnerable regions in North America to these changes. The overall goal of this proposal is to investigate how increasing temperature and flooding, in light of changing waterfowl abundances, interact to affect plant communities and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, specifically carbon dioxide and methane, across the Y-K Delta landscape. To address this goal, the investigators will conduct a large-scale field experiment, where they will manipulate temperature, flooding regimes, and goose impacts to quantify how these variables interact to influence plant communities and GHG fluxes. The investigators will use laboratory experiments to expand inference and understanding of the mechanisms behind the measured responses. The combination of these approaches will result in a greater understanding of what drives vegetation community dynamics and GHG emissions from this system. The proposed research addresses three gaps in knowledge: 1) This research expands our knowledge about GHG fluxes in the Y-K Delta by measuring the controls on GHGs in both coastal and inland plant communities; 2) The results will inform prediction of how climate-induced changes will interact to influence communities and GHG fluxes in the future; and 3) By improving understanding of the mechanisms that drive GHG fluxes across a gradient of conditions, the work will improve understanding of how GHG fluxes will be affected by climate change in other high-latitude coastal wetland systems. For broader impacts, the investigators will work with a local school teacher to build learning modules from our research to be used in middle schools across native villages in the Y-K Delta. The investigators will work with local high school students at the research site to train them in field techniques as well as help them develop a story about the research for the local radio station. The investigators will train and mentor a post-doctoral researcher, two graduate students, and undergraduates at three universities, who will disseminate their findings through scientific conferences and publications.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

北极沿海湿地正在经历气候变化的影响，包括气温变暖，海平面上升带来的洪水，以及夏季迁徙并以当地植物为食的鹅的数量发生变化。阿拉斯加育空-库斯科维姆(Y-K)三角洲是世界上最大的河流三角洲之一，也是数百万迁徙鹅的重要生态系统。这项研究着眼于气候变暖、洪水增加以及鹅影响的变化将如何影响不同的植物群落以及温室气体的吸收和释放，从而影响气候变化的速度。研究人员将在不同的植物群落中进行实地实验，这些群落将经历不同程度的洪水、变暖和鹅的影响，并测量植物和温室气体对这些变化的反应。研究人员还将进行实验室实验，在这些实验中，研究人员可以严格控制温度、洪水和鹅的影响，以更好地了解我们测量的田间反应背后的机制。与以前的研究不同，这个项目扩大了我们的理解，因为它将在Y-K三角洲的沿海和内陆景观中进行。这些实验将考察洪水、变暖和放牧之间的复杂相互作用，以梳理这三种影响。这些实验提供的深刻理解也可以应用于其他生态系统，因为北极的许多沿海地区正在经历类似的气候变化。调查人员将与一名学校教师合作，在这项研究的基础上建立学习模块，并将其用于Y-K三角洲当地村庄的中学。研究人员将在研究现场与当地高中生合作，对他们进行实地技术培训，并帮助他们为当地广播电台撰写关于这项研究的故事。最后，研究人员将培训和指导三所大学的一名博士后研究员、两名研究生和本科生，他们将通过科学会议和出版物传播他们的发现。北极沿海湿地正在经历气候变化的重大后果，包括气温上升、海平面上升和水禽数量变化。阿拉斯加的育空-库斯科维姆(Y-K)三角洲是世界上最大的河流三角洲之一，是数百万候鸟的重要避难所，也是北美最容易受到这些变化影响的地区之一。这项提议的总体目标是调查气温上升和洪水如何根据水禽丰度的变化相互作用，影响Y-K三角洲地区的植物群落和温室气体(GHG)排放，特别是二氧化碳和甲烷的排放。为了实现这一目标，研究人员将进行一项大规模的田间实验，他们将操纵温度、洪水状况和鹅的影响，以量化这些变量如何相互作用，影响植物群落和温室气体排放。研究人员将利用实验室实验来扩大对测量反应背后的机制的推断和理解。这些方法的结合将使人们更好地理解是什么驱动了这个系统的植被群落动态和温室气体排放。这项拟议的研究解决了三个知识空白：1)这项研究通过测量沿海和内陆植物群落对温室气体的控制，扩大了我们对Y-K三角洲温室气体通量的了解；2)结果将为预测未来气候诱导的变化将如何影响群落和温室气体通量提供信息；3)通过提高对推动温室气体通量跨越条件梯度的机制的理解，这项工作将提高对其他高纬度沿海湿地系统的温室气体通量将如何受到气候变化影响的理解。为了产生更广泛的影响，调查人员将与当地一名学校教师合作，根据我们的研究构建学习模块，用于Y-K三角洲当地村庄的中学。调查人员将在研究现场与当地高中生合作，对他们进行实地技术培训，并帮助他们为当地广播电台撰写关于这项研究的故事。研究人员将培训和指导三所大学的一名博士后研究员、两名研究生和本科生，他们将通过科学会议和出版物传播他们的发现。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的学术价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Short‐term effects of experimental goose grazing and warming differ in three low‐Arctic coastal wetland plant communities

实验性鹅放牧和变暖的短期影响对三个低纬度北极沿海湿地植物群落的影响不同

• DOI: 10.1111/jvs.13139
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Journal of Vegetation Science
• 影响因子: 2.8
• 作者: Choi, Ryan T.;Petit Bon, Matteo;Leffler, A. Joshua;Kelsey, Katharine C.;Welker, Jeffrey M.;Beard, Karen H.
• 通讯作者: Beard, Karen H.

Goose Feces Effects on Subarctic Soil Nitrogen Availability and Greenhouse Gas Fluxes

鹅粪便对亚北极土壤氮素有效性和温室气体通量的影响

• DOI: 10.1007/s10021-022-00752-x
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Ecosystems
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Beard, Karen H.;Kelsey, Katharine C.;Choi, Ryan T.;Welker, Jeffrey M.;Leffler, A. Joshua
• 通讯作者: Leffler, A. Joshua