Optimizing Phosphorus 4R Nutrient Stewardship for water quality protection in Canadian Cropping Systems

地表水的富营养化是全球水质损害的一个原因，而过量的磷(P)已被确定为淡水系统中藻华的驱动因素。测试保护措施减少支流和湖泊磷流失效果的案例研究在不同地区得出了截然不同的结论，这导致了土地所有者和决策者的困惑和沮丧。加拿大肥料局在制定4Rs营养管理策略方面发挥了领导作用，其中营养素以适当的速率、适当的地点、适当的时间和适当的形式/类型施用。这一伙伴关系（研究人员+工业+农业专家）的目标是确定基于区域的农业解决方案，以提高营养和水的利用效率，确保加拿大主要农业地区的作物生产和水质的恢复能力。通过这一伙伴关系，我们将研究4Rs营养管理战略对加拿大两个关键但相互对照的农业区的综合农业生产力和水质的影响：北部大平原（NGP）或加拿大大草原，以及更温和的大湖区（GLR）。通过一系列田间和实验室实验，结合多年来的田间监测，该项目将独特地同时探索4R营养管理对田间水质和作物生产力的影响，以及田地边缘以外的水质。我们将通过白皮书、媒体、农民会议和农业专家高级培训模块等方式交流科技成果。该项目的共同研究人员和合作伙伴包括许多这方面的加拿大领先专家，他们经验丰富，可以在现有工作的基础上继续发展，为本文提出的工作增加价值。通过这项工作，我们将大大提高我们对不同4r实践适用性的理解，并确保我们在正确的地方使用正确的实践来优化加拿大的农业。

The eutrophication of surface waters is a global cause of water-quality impairment, and excess phosphorus (P) has been identified as the driver of algal blooms in freshwater systems. Case studies testing the efficacy of conservation practices to reduce losses of P to tributaries and lakes have produced contrasting conclusions in different regions, leading to confusion and frustration among landowners and decision-makers. Fertilizer Canada has taken a leadership role in developing the 4Rs nutrient stewardship strategy, in which nutrients are applied at or in the Right Rate, Right Place, Right Time and Right Form/Type. The goal of this partnership (researchers + industry + agricultural specialists) is to identify region-based agricultural solutions that will improve nutrient and water use efficiency to ensure the resilience of crop production and water quality in key Canadian agricultural regions. Through this partnership, we will examine the effects of 4Rs nutrient stewardship strategies on combined agronomic productivity and water quality in two key, but contrasting, agricultural regions of Canada: The Northern Great Plains (NGP) or Canadian Prairies, and the more temperate Great Lakes Region (GLR). Using a series of field and lab-based experiments in conjunction with field-based monitoring over multiple years, this project will uniquely, simultaneously explore the impacts of 4R nutrient stewardship on both water quality and crop productivity within fields, but also water quality beyond the edge of field. We will communicate scientific outcomes through white papers, media, farmer meetings and advanced training modules for agricultural specialists. The co-investigators and partners in this project include many of the leading Canadian experts on this subject matter who are highly experienced and can build on their existing work, adding value to the work proposed here. Through this work, we will significantly advance our understanding of the suitability of different 4Rs practices and ensure that we are using the right practices in the right places to optimize agriculture in Canada.