The role of turbulence on the early life history and recruitment of Walleye in Lake Erie

了解商业和经济上重要的鱼类物种的招聘是至关重要的，他们在加拿大的管理和可持续性。伊利湖的大眼鱼就是这种情况，它每年为加拿大和美国提供数十亿美元的渔业。 有多个产卵场，每个产卵场的质量和对生产鱼苗的贡献都不同。 当泉水温度和湍流水运动影响招募时，幼虫在前3-4个月的生长/存活存在不确定性。 在正确的时间找到合适的栖息地（即，理想的水温和丰富的浮游动物猎物）可以解释补充的模式（即，匹配/不匹配假设1：幼虫运输）。 此外，近床湍流的影响（即，这些问题可能很重要，但目前尚不清楚，例如，海底剪切力（海底剪切力）对卵迁移到软沉积物中窒息的影响、卵和幼虫在水柱和湖盆中的命运和迁移以及水柱湍流对幼虫摄食的影响。 从海洋系统的见解表明，低水平的湍流通过增加与猎物的接触来增强鱼苗的摄食，但高湍流干扰捕获机制，导致较低的猎物捕获。 大眼幼体的存活和生长可能会由于高水柱湍流而减少，一旦它们到达它们的苗圃位置，就会导致第二次匹配/不匹配（即，匹配/不匹配假设2：幼虫喂养）。 因此，我们建议确定：㈠利用实验室实验和耦合的三维湖泊水动力生态模型，研究波动如何影响大眼蛙卵的孵化/脱落和幼虫的生长，㈡这些波动影响发生的时间/地点，㈢不同产卵地点的相对贡献，以及（iv）使用生物物理粒子跟踪模型（即，基于个人的模型）。 将开发这一生物物理模拟系统，以预测伊利湖大眼鱼产卵和育苗地点的条件，这对安大略自然资源和林业部管理这一重要渔业至关重要，因此对加拿大大有好处。

Understanding the recruitment of commercially and economically important fish species is critical to their management and sustainability in Canada. This is the case for Walleye in Lake Erie, which support an annual multi-billion-dollar fishery for Canada and the USA. Multiple spawning sites exist, each differing in quality and contribution to the production of fish larvae. Uncertainties exist about larval growth/survival during their first 3-4 months when spring water temperature and turbulent water motions affect recruitment. Locating suitable habitat at the correct time (i.e., ideal water temperatures and abundant zooplankton prey) may explain patterns in recruitment (i.e., match/mismatch hypothesis 1: larval transport). Moreover, the effects of near-bed turbulence (i.e., bed shear stress) on egg dislodgement to soft sediments where they suffocate, the fate and transport of eggs and larvae through the water column and lake basin, and the effects of water-column turbulence on larval feeding may be important but are yet unknown. Insights from marine systems indicate that low levels of turbulence enhance feeding by fish larvae by increasing encounters with prey, but high turbulence interferes with capture mechanisms leading to lower prey capture. Walleye larval survival and growth could be reduced by high water column turbulence once they reach their nursery locations causing a second match/mismatch (i.e., match/mismatch hypothesis 2: larval feeding). We propose, therefore, to determine: (i) how Walleye egg hatching /dislodgement and larval growth are affected by turbulence using laboratory experiments and coupled three-dimensional lake hydrodynamic-ecological models, (ii) when/where these turbulence effects occur, (iii) the relative contributions of the various spawning sites, and (iv) how larval fish move from spawning sites to nursery sites using a biophysical particle tracking model (i.e., individual-based model). This biophysical modelling system will be developed to predict the conditions at Walleye spawning and nursery locations in Lake Erie, which is critical to the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry's management of this important fishery, and thus of great benefit to Canada.