Mixing and Waves in Coastal and Estuarine Flows

北美的人口越来越多地向海岸迁移，在那里，我们与沿海水域的互动通过旅行、国防、工业和极端环境事件的影响而变得重要。随着海洋动态的变化，理解和管理这种相互作用至关重要，特别是在加拿大，那里的海岸、航道和五大湖无处不在。这项研究计划的长期目标是(I)提高对河口、周边河道和湖泊中分层流动的了解，以及(Ii)开发模型来测量和预测流动特征的变化，包括内波动力学、湍流和混合。流动特性，如波动动力学、湍流和混合，将被考虑，特别是在内部水力跳跃和液压控制流动中。为实现这些目标，提出了下列短期目标：(1)将内部水力学跃变对诸如跨水道地形和地球自转等特征的混合的依赖性进行参数化；(2)通过进行模拟并将其与观测值进行比较，确定胡德运河和伊利湖的混合位置和混合机制，这些区域的水性质分布对生态系统有重大影响；(3)确定内部水跃引起泥沙输送的条件，并调整数值模型来模拟三维非静力流动中的输送。通过与沿海水流相互作用的许多工程系统，结果将应用于加拿大社会和环境。这项研究将使用数值模拟和分析方法，并在可能的情况下与观测数据和实验数据进行比较。流动将在加拿大的计算集群上使用免费提供的Navier-Stokes解算器进行模拟。模拟结果将被用来开发非静力分层流动现象中的混合参数化，如内部水力跳跃。现有的程序，如区域海洋模拟系统(ROMS)，将扩展到求解非静力流动，并用于确定水力跳跃如何输送泥沙。这项工作将进一步加深对基本的非静力、分层流体动力学过程的现有知识，包括内波、水力跳跃和湍流。还将研究更现实的流动，重点是加拿大海岸。一旦对水流物理有了更好的理解，我将把这些知识应用于改善潮汐能开采、生态和气候变化的社会影响，所有这些都对加拿大社会产生重大影响。参与研究的学生将通过了解近海钻探区域的流动状况，开发适用于工业的沿海资产风险评估、潮汐能开采等能源应用方面的技能，以及适用于石油天然气行业的技能。

North America's population is increasingly moving toward the coasts, where our interaction with coastal waters is important through travel, defence, industry, and the impact of extreme environmental events. As the dynamics of the ocean change, understanding and managing this interaction is critical, particularly in Canada, where coasts, channels, and Great Lakes are ubiquitous. The long term goals of this research program are to (i) improve the understanding of stratified flows in estuaries, peripheral channels, and lakes and (ii) develop models to measure, and predict changes in, flow characteristics including internal wave dynamics, turbulence, and mixing. Flow characteristics, such as wave dynamics, turbulence, and mixing, will be considered, especially in internal hydraulic jumps and hydraulically controlled flows. To achieve these goals, the following short term objectives are proposed: (1) Parameterize the dependence of mixing on characteristics such as cross-channel topography and Earth's rotation, in internal hydraulic jumps; (2) Identify the locations and mechanisms of mixing in Hood Canal and Lake Erie, where the distribution of water properties has a significant effect on the ecosystem, by conducting simulations and comparing them to observations; (3) Determine the conditions under which internal hydraulic jumps cause sediment transport and adapt numerical models to simulate transport in 3D non-hydrostatic flows. Through the many engineering systems that interact with coastal flows, the results will then be applied to benefit both Canadian society and the environment. This research will be conducted using numerical simulation and analytical approaches, with comparisons made to observational and experimental data when possible. Flows will be simulated on Canada's computing cluster, using freely available Navier-Stokes solvers. Simulation results will be used to develop mixing parametrizations in non-hydrostatic stratified flow phenomena such as internal hydraulic jumps. An existing code such as Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) will be extended to solve non-hydrostatic flows and used to determine how hydraulic jumps transport sediment. This work will further the current knowledge of fundamental non-hydrostatic, stratified fluid dynamics processes including internal waves, hydraulic jumps, and turbulence. More realistic flows will also be studied, with a focus on Canadian coasts. Once a better understanding of the flow physics is developed, I will apply the knowledge to improving tidal energy extraction, ecology, and societal impacts of climate change, all of which have a significant impact on Canadian society. Students involved in the research will develop skills that are applicable to industry in risk assessment of coastal properties, in energy applications such as tidal energy extraction, and to the oil gas industry through an understanding of flow conditions in areas of off-shore drilling.