Microbial Aerobic Anoxygenic Photosynthesis and Heavy Metal(loid) Transformations

微生物有氧无氧光合作用和重金属（类）转化

• 批准号: RGPIN-2018-05492
• 负责人: Yurkov, Vladimir
• 金额: $ 4.66万
• 依托单位: University of Manitoba
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=760969
• 关键词: Microbial; Aerobic; Anoxygenic; Photosynthesis; Heavy

The diversity of life on Earth is an irreplaceable natural heritage. The array of microbial life is enormous; however recent evidence indicates that most (around 99%) of microbial species remain undiscovered. Modern science has produced a new awareness of this extraordinary diversity within a surprising range of habitats where microbes flourish. Their metabolic types are equally broad and include a rich variety of photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic pathways. Photosynthesis is a major process that contributes and increases the free energy on Earth, and research in this field has great importance. The proposed program will help us not only better understand the aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic phenomenon, but also enhance our knowledge of the photo metabolism of diverse bacteria and the evolution of photosynthesis. Because of the fact that aerobic anoxygenic phototrophs are one of the major parts of the population in ocean with a significant role in carbon cycling, which might be associated with the global warming process, it is becoming increasingly important to understand them. Investigation of heavy metal(loid) transformations will bring in-depth exploration of novel communities and species adaptations. Of particular interest to my group is the metal(loid) oxide reducing capacity of hydrothermal vent isolates. The ability to reduce toxic oxyanions of Te to the less toxic elemental form has a great potential for bioremediation of polluted effluents from industrial operations. In addition, such bacteria could prove useful in practical biometallurgy of rare and expensive Te. Hence, our work will make both fundamental and technological contributions. The particular objectives of my Research Proposal comprise four related parts: A. Diversity, taxonomic nuances, phylogeny/evolution and ecology of the aerobic anoxygenic phototrophs will be investigated; B. Mysterious aerobic anoxygenic photosynthetic apparatus will be studied; C. Microbial biotransformation of heavy metal(loid)s is proposed for detailed analysis; and D. Microbiology of the deep ocean hydrothermal vents will be considered. The approaches to be taken include the use of a variety of modern and classic microbiological, biochemical, molecular biological, taxonomic and phylogenetic techniques.

地球上生命的多样性是不可替代的自然遗产。微生物生命的种类是巨大的;然而，最近的证据表明，大多数（约99%）的微生物物种仍然未被发现。现代科学已经对微生物在一个令人惊讶的栖息地范围内的非凡多样性产生了新的认识。它们的代谢类型同样广泛，包括各种各样的光合和非光合途径。光合作用是贡献和增加地球上自由能的主要过程，这一领域的研究非常重要。该项目不仅有助于我们更好地理解有氧无氧光合现象，而且有助于我们加深对不同细菌的光代谢和光合作用进化的认识。由于好氧不产氧光养生物是海洋中的主要种群之一，在碳循环中起着重要作用，这可能与全球变暖过程有关，因此了解它们变得越来越重要。对重金属（loid）转化的研究将带来对新群落和物种适应的深入探索。我的小组特别感兴趣的是热液喷口分离物的金属（类）氧化物还原能力。 将Te的有毒含氧阴离子还原为毒性较小的元素形式的能力对于工业操作中污染的废水的生物修复具有很大的潜力。此外，这种细菌可以证明在稀有和昂贵的Te的实际生物计量学中是有用的。因此，我们的工作将作出基础性和技术性的贡献。我的研究计划的具体目标包括四个相关的部分：A。多样性，分类的细微差别，繁殖/进化和生态的好氧缺氧光合生物将进行调查; B。研究神秘的有氧无氧光合机构;提出了重金属（loid）的微生物转化方法，并对D.将审议深海热液喷口的微生物学。 拟采取的方法包括使用各种现代和传统的微生物、生物化学、分子生物学、分类学和系统发育技术。