Impacts of stratified environmental flows upon the distribution of sediment and biology in lakes and the coastal ocean

几乎所有的湖泊和沿海海洋的一个关键特征是它们是密度分层的，较轻的水漂浮在较深的密度层之上。这种分层对沉积物沉积、冰下环流和鱼类栖息地具有重要影响。然而，实质性的问题仍然存在的基本流体动力学控制分层和混合在加拿大沃茨。为了准确地解释沉积记录，我们需要知道在河流沉积物沉积的沿海海洋中分层是如何变化的。为了研究加拿大冰冻湖泊中冰下的食物链，我们需要了解当水在0 - 4摄氏度之间时发生的倒置冬季分层对混合原理的影响。为了确定夏季鱼类在湖泊中的栖息地，我们需要了解热分层层中的内波如何影响冷血动物的状态。该提案将确定对加拿大具有重要地质、生态和经济意义的分层的基本物理过程。为了解决现实世界的分层问题，申请人和团队将在三个不同的环境系统中使用实验室流体动力学实验，理论，建模和实地观察的创新组合。我们将采用新的实验室实验和现场研究的弗雷泽河在不列颠哥伦比亚省，以量化对流如何控制颗粒沉积率从河流羽流，提供一个概念框架，以了解沉积物从陆地到海洋的运输。对安大略南部冰冻湖泊的实地考察将探讨冰下环流模式，以阐明冬季食物链中热和光条件变化的后果。我们对冬季逆分层的更深入的物理理解将推动与其他北方国家研究人员的新合作。最后，拟议的工作将确定内部波分层湖泊鱼类物种分布的影响，利用非常大的声学鱼类遥测数据集，可用于湖安大略和渔业科学家的现有合作的基础上。 总之，这项研究是必要的和紧迫的，以提高我们的许多分层湖泊和海洋系统的功能，我们的理解。这些努力将在一个致力于包容的环境中培训至少20名HQP。他们将接受环境流体动力学，实验室和实地研究的高水平培训，以及发展理论和进行数据分析，这将使他们为学术界，政府或私营企业的广泛机会做好准备。最终，我对环境流体动力学的研究计划将确定不同水体中的沉积物和生物分布如何随着气候变暖改变这些系统的密度分层而变化。

A key feature of almost all lakes and coastal seas is that they are density stratified, with lighter water floating above the deep denser layers. This stratification has critical consequences for sediment deposition, under-ice circulation, and fish habitat. However, substantial questions remain about the fundamental fluid dynamics controlling stratification and mixing in Canadian waters. In order to accurately interpret sedimentary records, we need to know how stratification in coastal seas changes where sediment from a river is deposited. To investigate the food chain under the ice in the frozen lakes of Canada, we need to understand the impact on mixing principles of the inverted, winter stratification that occurs when water is between 0-4 Celsius. To identify where fish dwell in lakes during summer, we need to understand how internal waves in thermally-stratified layers affect the regimes of cold blooded animals. This proposal will determine fundamental physical processes of stratification of significant geological, ecological, and economic importance to Canada. To address real-world stratification problems, the applicant and team will use an innovative combination of laboratory fluid dynamics experiments, theory, modelling and field observations in three different environmental systems. We will employ novel lab experiments and field studies on the Fraser River in BC to quantify how convection controls particle sedimentation rates from river plumes, providing a conceptual framework to understand sediment transport from the land to the ocean. Fieldwork on frozen lakes in southern Ontario will probe under-ice circulation patterns to elucidate the consequences of changing thermal and light conditions upon winter food chains. Our deeper physical understanding of winter inverse stratification will then drive new collaborative work with investigators in other Northern countries. Finally, the proposed work will determine the influence of internal waves in stratified lakes upon fish species distribution, capitalizing on the very large acoustic fish telemetry datasets available for Lake Ontario and building on existing collaborations with fisheries scientists. Taken together, this research is essential and urgent to improve our understanding of how our many stratified lakes and marine systems function. These efforts will train at least 20 HQP in an environment committed to inclusion. They will receive high-level training in environmental fluid dynamics, lab and field-based studies, as well as in developing theory and in performing data analysis that will prepare them for a broad range of opportunities in academia, government or private industry. Ultimately, my research program on environmental fluid dynamics will identify how sediment and biology distributions in different water bodies could shift as the warming climate changes the density stratification of these systems.