BioSoil-North; local solutions for soil health resilience and mitigation of GHG

生物土壤-北方；

• 批准号: 577151-2022
• 负责人: Unc, AdrianA
• 金额: $ 21.09万
• 依托单位: Memorial University of Newfoundland
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Alliance Grants
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=764707
• 关键词: BioSoil; North; local; solutions; soil

In search of food security in the boreal regions of Canada land use conversion (LUC) is used to expand agriculture into boreal forests or natural lands. LUC is strongly supported through regional policies. This disturbs and removes the topsoil rich in organic matter. The resulting farmland is of very low fertility and requires intensive management to increase and maintain its carbon stores and enhance soil health to facilitate sustainable productivity. Organic amendments commonly employed or of interest to the local farmers are of sources that are geographically and seasonally variable in type, quality and quantity. Their stability or mineralization rates, including any priming effects, vary as a function of the soil properties, pre-processing protocols and crop types. Associated greenhouse gasses (GHG) emission profiles are unknown. Preliminary evidence suggests both enhanced sequestration and priming effects. Newfoundland and Labrador is a prime example of dispersed communities with distinct access to organic wastes that are employed to improve soil fertility. We propose to develop an evidence base decision support system that informs on best on-land organic waste utilization practices to facilitate productivity while mitigating GHG emissions. We will compare the utility of locally relevant wastes, the utility of distinct composting options (including classic windrow-type and vermicomposting) for reducing GHG emissions and increasing C sequestration. A whole system analysis approach will be used to identify (a) options for optimization of locally relevant waste streams applied to field or used in greenhouse conditions, (b) GHGs emissions for the differently managed agricultural fields (soil management and cropping system) in selected boreal ecoregions, (c) the relationship between productivity and soil carbon pools in the context of GHG emission potential. The work will be done on working farms in the boreal regions and involves controlled conditions and field experiments including seasonal considerations. Students and postdoctoral fellows will be trained in agriculture, carbon and GHG sciences, and work with farmers in the local communities, government agricultural agents and international advisers.

为了在加拿大北方地区寻求粮食安全，土地利用转换（LUC）被用来将农业扩展到北方森林或自然土地。LUC通过区域政策得到大力支持。这会扰乱并移走富含有机物的表层土壤。由此产生的农田肥力极低，需要集约化管理，以增加和维持其碳储存，并增强土壤健康，促进可持续生产力。当地农民通常使用或感兴趣的有机添加物的来源在类型、质量和数量上因地理和季节而异。它们的稳定性或矿化率，包括任何引发效应，因土壤性质、预处理程序和作物类型而异。相关的温室气体（GHG）排放情况尚不清楚。初步证据表明，这两个增强螯合和启动效果。纽芬兰和拉布拉多是分散社区的一个典型例子，他们可以不同方式获得用于提高土壤肥力的有机废物。我们建议开发一个基于证据的决策支持系统，告知最佳的陆上有机废物利用实践，以促进生产力，同时减少温室气体排放。我们将比较当地相关废物的效用，不同的堆肥选择（包括经典的windrow-type和蠕虫堆肥）的效用，以减少温室气体排放和增加碳固存。将采用一种全系统分析办法，以确定（a）优化适用于农田或用于温室条件的当地相关废物流的备选办法，（B）选定的北方生态区不同管理的农田（土壤管理和耕作制度）的温室气体排放量，（c）温室气体排放潜力方面生产力与土壤碳库之间的关系。这项工作将在北方地区的农场进行，涉及控制条件和实地实验，包括季节性因素。学生和博士后研究员将接受农业，碳和温室气体科学方面的培训，并与当地社区的农民，政府农业代理人和国际顾问合作。