Is urban streams are eco-evolutionary drivers of freshwater fish invasion?

城市溪流是淡水鱼入侵的生态进化驱动力吗？

• 批准号: RGPIN-2022-04308
• 负责人: Morissette, Olivier
• 金额: $ 2.11万
• 依托单位: Université du Québec à Chicoutimi
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=765285
• 关键词: urban; streams; eco; evolutionary; drivers

Biodiversity, especially in freshwater habitats, has suffered severe depletion since the onset of the industrial period. Habitat degradation and invasive species are identified as the two main causes for this decline, but their effects are context-dependent. Some regions act as invasion hotspots, where invasive species are disproportionately abundant. Invasion hotspots are suggested to be more prevalent in disturbed habitats, notably urban and suburban environments. Whereas invasion biology recognizes that invasive species could benefit from urban environments for the initial introduction, establishment and secondary dispersal, mechanisms of this facilitation remain to be better described. Ecologically, two alternative hypotheses are suggested, where either decrease of competition by disturbance-intolerant species or increase of reliance on ecological opportunities (e.g. food resources, habitats) in disturbed habitats by urban-tolerant invasive species. From an evolutionary point of view, growing evidence is pointing toward urban-induced evolution, fueled by said ecological interactions, as a promoter of invasion. All examples of urban evolution of invasive species, however, have been developed in plants, mammals or avian model species; fishes remain uncommon in this field. Hence, establishing if and how urban streams are hotspots of invasion and if they act as an evolutionary driver for invasion is crucial to better understand invasion dynamics, decrease invasion potential and improve cities planning. In this 5-years research program, I will aim to assess the ecological mechanisms resulting in invasive fish prevalence in an increasing gradient of urbanization, to analyze the context-dependent variability of direction and magnitude of the intra- and inter-specific responses of the ecological niche (e.g. trophic and thermal) and vital rates (e.g. growth rates and condition) in communities subjected to disturbance and to find evidence of urban-induced evolution of physiological traits (metabolic rates) adapted to disturbed habitats. By applying an integrative ecology framework, which will combine community ecology, biogeochemistry (stable isotopes analysis) and field-based respirometry we will provide insights into fundamental mechanisms at play in biological invasion and how adaptive management of cities could mitigate invasion opportunities. Identification of how cities' components (e.g. riverbank vegetation, water management, land-uses) increase the prevalence of invasive species in an urban stream will guide managers for promotion of biodiversity conservation in overlooked habitats providing valuable ecosystem services.

生物多样性，特别是淡水生境的生物多样性，自工业化时期开始以来已遭受严重损耗。生境退化和入侵物种被确定为造成这种下降的两个主要原因，但其影响取决于具体情况。一些地区是入侵热点，入侵物种不成比例地丰富。入侵热点被认为是更普遍的干扰栖息地，特别是城市和郊区的环境。虽然入侵生物学认识到，入侵物种可以受益于城市环境的初始引入，建立和二次扩散，这种促进机制仍有待更好地描述。在生态学上，提出了两种不同的假设，即城市耐受入侵物种在干扰生境中减少了不耐受干扰物种的竞争，或增加了对生态机会（如食物资源、生境）的依赖。从进化的角度来看，越来越多的证据表明，城市引起的进化，由上述生态相互作用推动，作为入侵的推动者。然而，所有入侵物种城市进化的例子都是在植物、哺乳动物或鸟类模式物种中发展起来的;鱼类在这一领域仍然不常见。因此，确定城市溪流是否以及如何成为入侵热点，以及它们是否作为入侵的进化驱动力，对于更好地了解入侵动态，减少入侵潜力和改善城市规划至关重要。在这个为期5年的研究计划中，我将致力于评估在城市化梯度增加的情况下导致入侵鱼类流行的生态机制，分析生态位种内和种间响应的方向和幅度的背景依赖性变异（例如营养和热）和生命率（如生长率和条件），并寻找城市引起的生理特征演变的证据（代谢率）适应于受干扰的栖息地。通过应用一个综合生态学框架，它将结合联合收割机社区生态学，土壤地球化学（稳定同位素分析）和基于现场的呼吸测量，我们将提供深入了解在生物入侵中发挥作用的基本机制，以及城市的适应性管理如何减少入侵的机会。确定城市的组成部分（如河岸植被、水管理、土地使用）如何增加城市河流中入侵物种的流行，将指导管理人员促进在提供宝贵生态系统服务的被忽视生境中保护生物多样性。