Functional response of soniferous organisms to change in landscape structures and acoustic properties

发声生物对景观结构和声学特性变化的功能响应

• 批准号: RGPIN-2022-04014
• 负责人: Proulx, Raphaël
• 金额: $ 2.93万
• 依托单位: Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=765347
• 关键词: Functional; response; soniferous; organisms; change

Sounds can interfere with conspecific communication, predator detection, foraging success, vigilance, and habitat selection. Yet, quantifying the effect of sounds on wildlife has been notoriously challenging because changes in acoustic properties are often confounded with the presence of specific landscape structures and loss of habitat. Although a few landscape-scale experiments have demonstrated the effects of anthropogenic sounds per se on the activity level of organisms in terrestrial ecosystems, they have yet to be replicated in many habitat types or with other taxonomic groups. Sensory ecology theory proposes that modalities like vision, audition and olfaction determine habitat selection and behavioural adaptation by organisms. It portrays the environment as a mosaic of signals (e.g., visual structures, sounds and smells) interacting with the sensorial system of organisms. In singing insects and other soniferous organisms, auditory and visual acuity are in large part attributable to anatomic constraints imposed on sound-producing organs and eye diameter. Understanding of the above sensorial traits allows us hypothesize which species are the most sensitive to landscape and soundscape changes. The short-term objective of the proposed research program is twofold: i) to establish experimental areas with modifiable landscape structures that alter sound propagation and ii) to evaluate the functional response of soniferous organisms to change in landscape structures and acoustic properties. For this purpose, we will use singing insects (Orthoptera order, Ensifera suborder) as model communities. The proposed research program consists of two main work packages. The first aims to establish experimental acoustic landscapes in herbaceous ecosystems under different management regimes. The second seeks to evaluate the synergistic, additive or confounded effects of change to landscapes structures and acoustic properties on singing insect communities. The experiment implements a Before-After-Control-Impact (BACI) design and replicate treatments. We will deploy AudiomothTM sound recorders inside each experimental landscape to characterize acoustic properties, the presence of Ensifera species and their singing behaviour. The proposed research activities will use in situ experiments to evaluate the response of soniferous species to change in landscape structures and acoustic properties. This will represent one of the first few attempts to manipulate whole landscapes experimentally. We will train a new generation of HQPs that can use and develop rapid assessment tools for monitoring soniferous animal communities at high resolution in space and time. HQPs will receive a formal training in eco-acoustics, landscape ecology and conservation biology.

声音可以干扰同种通信，捕食者检测，觅食成功，警惕和栖息地选择。然而，量化声音对野生动物的影响一直是众所周知的挑战，因为声学特性的变化往往与特定景观结构和栖息地的丧失相混淆。虽然一些小型实验已经证明了人为声音本身对陆地生态系统中生物体活动水平的影响，但这些影响尚未在许多生境类型或其他分类群体中复制。感官生态学理论认为，视觉、听觉和嗅觉等方式决定了生物对栖息地的选择和行为适应。它将环境描绘为信号的马赛克（例如，视觉结构、声音和气味）与生物体的感觉系统相互作用。在唱歌的昆虫和其他发声生物中，听觉和视觉敏锐度在很大程度上归因于对发声器官和眼睛直径的解剖学限制。了解上述感官特征，使我们能够假设哪些物种对景观和声景变化最敏感。拟议研究计划的短期目标有两个：i）建立具有可改变声音传播的可修改景观结构的实验区，ii）评估发声生物对景观结构和声学特性变化的功能反应。为此，我们将使用歌唱昆虫（直翅目，Ensifera亚目）作为模式群落。拟议的研究计划包括两个主要的工作包。第一个目的是建立实验性的声景观在不同的管理制度下的草本生态系统。第二个目的是评估的协同作用，添加剂或混淆的影响，景观结构和声学特性的变化对鸣叫昆虫群落。该实验实施了前-后-控制-影响（BACI）设计并重复处理。我们将在每个实验景观内部署AudiomothTM录音机，以表征声学特性、Ensifera物种的存在及其歌唱行为。拟议的研究活动将利用现场实验来评估有声物种对景观结构和声学特性变化的反应。这将是第一次尝试操纵整个景观实验之一。我们将培训新一代的HQP，他们可以使用和开发快速评估工具，以高分辨率在空间和时间上监测发声动物群落。HQP将接受生态声学，景观生态学和保护生物学的正式培训。