Phylogeography and adaptation to environmental gradients in sugar maple

糖枫的系统发育地理学和对环境梯度的适应

• 批准号: RGPIN-2017-04332
• 负责人: SurgetGroba, Yann
• 金额: $ 1.75万
• 依托单位: Québec en Outaouais
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=765470
• 关键词: Phylogeography; adaptation; environmental; gradients; sugar

The fast changing climatic conditions due to current global change pose a serious threat to the planet's biodiversity and to the ecosystem services it provides. In case of abrupt climate change as currently observed, species need either to adapt to their new conditions, or migrate into favorable habitats. Here I propose a comprehensive study to investigate the genomic adaptations driven by environmental factors in sugar maples, a species complex with a wide distribution in eastern North-America.Since several historical demographic processes can mimic natural selection patterns and complexify the detection of adaptive genetic variation, we will first investigate the phylogenetic relationships among various maple species, and conduct a comparative phylogeographic study of the black and sugar maples, two species or ecotypes with a widely overlapping distribution and known to hybridize naturally. Finally, based on the results of these preliminary studies, we will use a landscape genomics approach to relate environmental and genetic variation across the distribution range of the sugar maple, and to understand its adaptive genetic variation and its response to global climate change.It will be the first large scale study to investigate the genomic adaptations driven by climate in sugar maple, a dominant tree of temperate broad-leaf deciduous forests of north-eastern America with an important socio-economic value in eastern Canada. Understanding the capacity of maples to adapt to changing climatic condition is thus critical to guide the choice of seeds for reforestation and maximize the adaptive potential and resilience of maple forests in the face of global warming. Finally, this research project will contribute to the training of numerous highly qualified personnels to the state of the art methodologies in genomics. This is critical for the development of Canada's leading position in the fields of Biological, Environmental and Medical Sciences, including biotechnology and pharmaceutical industry.

当前全球变化导致的快速变化的气候条件对地球的生物多样性及其提供的生态系统服务构成严重威胁。在目前观察到的突然气候变化的情况下，物种需要要么适应他们的新条件，要么迁移到有利的栖息地。糖枫是北美东部分布广泛的一个物种复合体，由于几个历史的人口统计过程可以模拟自然选择模式，并使适应性遗传变异的检测复杂化，因此我们将首先研究不同枫树物种之间的系统发育关系，并对黑枫和糖枫这两个分布广泛重叠且已知自然杂交的物种或生态型进行比较系统地理学研究。最后，基于这些初步研究的结果，我们将使用景观基因组学方法将糖枫分布范围内的环境和遗传变异联系起来，并了解其适应性遗传变异及其对全球气候变化的响应。这将是第一次大规模研究糖枫的基因组适应受气候驱动的影响。糖枫是美国东北部温带阔叶落叶林的优势树种，在加拿大东部具有重要的社会经济价值。因此，了解枫树适应不断变化的气候条件的能力，对于指导重新造林种子的选择和最大限度地发挥枫树森林面对全球变暖的适应潜力和弹性至关重要。最后，这项研究项目将有助于培训众多高素质的人员，掌握最先进的基因组学方法学。这对于发展加拿大在生物、环境和医学领域的领先地位至关重要，包括生物技术和制药业。