大气沉降作为海洋营养盐和重金属的重要外部来源，在近岸海域与河流输入具有可比的重要性，然而其入海通量及对水质指标和生态系统的影响仍有很大的不确定性。在我国空气污染依然严重的背景下，面向山东近岸海域环境保护的需求，整合历史资料和空气污染日常监测资料，通过强化观测、数值模拟和培养实验等多种方法的集成和创新，以营养盐和重金属为目标物质，开展如下研究：1）量化海-气界面的物质交换通量（直接大气沉降），揭示其空间分布和多时间尺度变化特征；2）研究沉降于陆地的大气物质通过入海河流向山东近岸海域的输出通量（间接大气沉降），探讨其在河口、近岸和离岸海域的分布；3）研究大气沉降对山东近岸海域水质变化和初级生产过程的影响，阐释其中的主控过程与影响因素；4）研发软件系统，实现研究成果的集成和展示。项目的实施能够服务于山东近岸海域的环境保护，亦能为其他海域污染防控提供方法上的借鉴。

Atmospheric deposition, as an important external source of nutrients and heavy metals to the ocean, is of comparable importance to the input of rivers in the coastal waters. However, there are still great uncertainties in the flux of atmospheric nutrient and heavy metal deposition to the coastal waters, as well as in its impact on the water quality and ecosystem. In the context of serious air pollution in China, facing the demands of environmental protection in the coastal waters of Shandong Province, integrating historical data and daily monitoring data of air pollution, through the integration and innovation of various methods such as enhanced observation, numerical simulation and incubation experiment, focusing on the environmental behavior of nutrients and heavy metals in the seawater, the research contents are as follows: 1) quantifying the material exchange flux at the sea-air interface (direct atmospheric deposition), and clarifying its spatial distribution and multi-time scale variations; 2) estimating the export flux of atmospheric deposition through river input (indirect atmospheric deposition), and exploring its distribution in the estuary, nearshore, and offshore waters; 3) evaluating the impact of atmospheric deposition on water quality and primary production in the coastal waters of Shandong Province, and illustrating the main factors that control this impact; 4) developing the software system to achieve the integration and display of research results. The implementation of the project can serve the environmental protection of the coastal waters in Shandong Province, and can also provide reference for the prevention and control of pollution in other sea areas.