理解视皮层如何编码外部世界，是脑认知研究的核心问题之一。以往的神经生理学研究，受限于观测神经元和被测视觉刺激的数量，对视皮层神经元编码的理解可能是片面的。在该项申请中，我们拟采用双光子成像技术，在猴清醒及行为状态下，对其初级视皮层V1中，多达数千个神经元进行单细胞分辨率成像。在猴初级视皮层中，通过显微注射AAV（腺相关病毒）转入基因编码的钙探针GCaMP5，探测神经元的活动，检测其对数千个自然图片刺激的反应，并对神经元反应的稀疏性、特征选择性进行分析，获得初级视皮层神经元新的反应特性和新的编码机制，建立新的初级视皮层计算模型和理论。

One of the core problems in brain and cognitive research is how the primate cortex represents the visual world. Previous neurophysiological investigations are limited by the number of neurons that can be monitored simultaneously and the number of stimuli that can be tested, which potentially provided an incomprehensive understanding of the neural coding in visual cortex. In this application, we will use two-photon microscope to image thousands of neurons with single cell resolution in primary visual cortex V1 in awake and behaving macaque monkey. The neuronal activities will be probed by a genetically-encoded calcium indicator GCaMP5 introduced by the micro-injection of an adeno-associated virus (AAV) into V1. We will investigate the responses of large neuronal population tothousands of natural images stimuli, and analyze the sparseness and selectivity of these neuronal responses to find novel neuronal properties and new mechanism in V1 neural coding, and finally build new computational models and theories of V1.