近年来，我国城市生活用水量迅猛增长，已成为城市用水的主要增长点。建设节水型城市生活单元（住宅小区、家庭住户），合理控制城市生活用水量过快增长是当前城市水管理工作的重要任务。城市生活单元作为城市生活耗用水过程的基本载体，其内部的耗用水规律和过程机理研究尚不多见，评估生活单元内部耗用水结构的合理性，科学调控其耗用水方式是相关研究的热点和难点。本研究拟从城市生活单元耗用水的内在机理入手，从用水主体、家庭和住宅小区3个尺度分析生活用水规律，通过对重点城市生活用水量的截面数据统计分析和典型家庭生活耗用水过程观测，提出城市生活单元用水量预测方法和耗用水过程模拟模型，获得对城市住宅区用水-耗水-排水全过程的描述方案。本研究同时选取大城市和中小城市的2处住宅小区作为应用实例，验证方法模型的适用性。研究成果可为城市生活用水总量预测、城市家庭生活用水合理性评价以及节水型社会单元载体建设提供理论支撑和工具支持。

In recent years, urban residential water demand experiences a large growth with the rapid urbanization in our country, which has been the main contributor to the increase of total urban water consumption. To construct water-saving urban residential unit (residential community, household) and to control the rapid growth of residential water consumption should be recognized as the urgent issue for urban water management. Urban residential unit is the fundamental scale for household water use and water cycle. However, few researches have been carried out, so far, to study and explore the inner processes and mechanisms of water use and consumption. Consequently, it is a hot topic as well as a difficult point in related researches to evaluate the rationality of residential water use structure and regulate the behaviors of residential water use. This research will focus on the mechanisms of household water use and consumption within the residential unit, and analyze the water use processes and regulations at three scales (individual, household and community). Based on statistical analysis of water use cross-section data collected from a number of cities and experimental monitoring of water use processes in typical families, this study will put forward the predictive method of residential water demand and simulating model for household water use and consumption process. Moreover, in this study, two residential communities respectively from a large city and a modest city will be selected to verify the reliability and applicability of the method and model. The result of this research will provide theoretical and practical support for evaluating the rationality of household water use structure and constructing water-saving household and community.