蜜蜂报警信息素具有多效性，能指示同伴驱避采食有风险的食物源；又能招募同伴在巢门口协同防御捕食者。然而，报警信息素却同时存在于部分植物与蜜蜂属内不同种之间，是否其中单一组分的浓度效应、不同组分作用时效性编码了不同的风险水平，在植物、传粉者和捕食者三重关系中有不同的生态功能至今仍未得到机制上的解释。本申请拟通过化学生态学手段解析蜜蜂报警信息素介导的植物-授粉昆虫-捕食者三者间的生态功能。拟弄清蜜蜂报警信息素：1）腺体来源、组分比例、作用量等是否可作为被捕食风险水平的编码信息？对蜜蜂种内通讯和种间协作形式是否存在影响？2）是否可以作为利它素从而被天敌窃取？3）在虫媒植物中如何被利用来促进授粉？从而为蜜蜂资源保护与利用，农作物授粉等提供理论基础；为蜜蜂驱避剂与胡蜂驱避剂的研究提供新的思考视角。

Bee alarm pheromones have pleiotropic effects not only showing avoidance to risky food resources for mates, but also recruiting mates to repel predators. These alarm pheromones exist in both all bee (Apis) species and some plants. Whether each component concentration or the persistent of different components combinations encoding different risky levels, how these risk coding system effect on plant-pollinator-predator tritrophic interactions was still unknown. This project will, based on chemical ecology methods, analysis how bee alarm pheromones mediate plant-pollinator-predator ecological effects. We firstly, will analysis whether the bee alarm secreted glands, components, ratios and active components may encode risky levels? How the alarm pheromones effect on intraspecific and interspecific bee species? Secondly, could these bee alarm pheromones act as kairomones be eavesdropped by predators? Thirdly, will these bee alarm pheromones be mimicked by some plants to attract pollinators? We hope that this study will provide fundamental theory for bee resources conservation and utilization, and crop pollination. We wish the study can provide some new views for bee repellents or hornet repellents inventions.