贵金属@空心有序中孔炭纳米球的设计合成及性能研究

蛋黄-蛋壳结构贵金属@空心炭纳米球具有独特的纳米壳层及其空心腔所负载的贵金属纳米粒子，在许多领域中具有广阔的应用前景。然而，这类材料目前存在孔道排列杂乱无序、孔径小以及孔径分布宽等壳层结构缺陷。有鉴于此，本项目拟通过反应性空心腔模板剂的设计，增强壳层前驱体与模板剂之间的相互作用力，由此提出反应性界面辅助自组装的合成新思路，实现炭壳层孔结构有序化的创新构筑，从而制备新颖贵金属@空心有序中孔炭纳米球。项目拟通过调控纳米球前驱体各组分理化性质，剪裁多层次蛋黄-蛋壳结构，揭示贵金属@空心有序中孔炭纳米球的结构设计原理与制备科学。在可控制备基础上，考察这些新材料的催化、电化学和抗菌等性能，并与其独特的蛋黄-蛋壳结构相关联。本项目将不仅对贵金属@空心炭纳米球的结构设计、可控合成和性能提升有重要的促进作用，而且可为构筑具有有序孔结构的多级复合功能材料提供新的研究思路，具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。

Yolk-shell structured precious metal@hollow carbon nanospheres are promising functional nanomaterials for a variety of applications, because of their unique structure of a nanoshell and an encapsulated single precious metal nanoparticle within the hollow core. However, the shell structure of the current precious metal@hollow carbon nanospheres suffers from several limitations, such as highly disordered pore arrangement, small-sized pores and wide pore size distribution. In this project, we will introduce a facile yet versatile conceptual approach of reactive interface-assisted co-assembly to fabricate precious metal@hollow ordered mesoporous carbon nanosphere (PM@HOMCNS). Key to the pioneered construction of ordered mesoporous carbonaceous shell in this preparation strategy is design and employment of reactive hollow core templates. The PM@HOMCNS possess novel and intriguing periodic large-sized mesoporous shell structures and narrow pore size distribution. The yolk-shell structured of the PM@HOMCNS will be rationally regulated and optimized by tuning the physical and chemical characteristic of the precursors. After that, the structural design principle as well as the fabrication science of the PM@HOMCNS materials will be revealed. On the basis of controllable preparation, by studying their multi-functional properties including selective catalysis, electrochemistry and anti-bacteria, the structure-property relationship of PM@HOMCNS will be elucidated. In a word, this project can not only enrich and develop preparation science theories of precious metal@hollow carbon nanospheres, but also lead to the development of more unique novel hybrid materials combined with ordered porous architectures and targeted functional chemical composition for versatile applications. Therefore, this project is of important theoretic meaning and application value.