基于均一有机/无机界面构建的层次孔碳基功能复合材料及其储钾性能研究

发展高性能钾离子电池能有效满足未来对大规模储能的需求，开发先进碳基复合电极材料是其关键所在。尽管该领域已取得一定进展，但现有的碳基复合材料仍存在碳/非碳界面结构不够精细、缺乏层次孔形貌设计、活性位点少且利用率低等弊端，导致性能不佳。为此，本项目从碳/非碳界面构建的源头出发，拟采用碳源−非碳前驱体一体化的螯合树脂−金属离子杂化组装体作为构筑单元，获得均一的有机/无机界面，并借助化学交联、组分改性等技术，构建具有快速离子输运通道的层次孔结构和具有发达储钾位点的复合骨架结构，从而发展新型层次孔碳基功能复合材料。本项目拟建立高性能储钾用层次孔碳基功能复合材料的结构设计理论，指导并实现该类材料的可控制备。在此基础上，揭示各层次孔道和各级复合骨架结构在储钾过程中的协同作用机制，研制出性能优异的电极材料。本项目有望为碳基复合材料的层次结构设计、功能拓展以及钾离子电池的性能突破提供新的思路和理论依据。

The development of high-performance potassium-ion batteries can effectively meet the future demand for large-scale energy storage, the key of which is to develop advanced carbon-based composite electrode materials. Although remarkable progress has been made, the current carbon-based composites still have some drawbacks, such as imprecise carbon/noncarbon interface structure, lack of hierarchical design of pore morphology, few and low utilization rate active sites, which lead to poor potassium-ion storage performance. In this context, starting from the source of construction of carbon/noncarbon interface, this project intends to utilize an integration of the carbon and noncarbon precursors, i.e., chelating resin-metal ion hybrid assembly as the construction unit to realize highly homogeneous organic/inorganic interface. With the help of chemical crosslinking, component modification and other technologies, a hierarchical pore structure with fast ion transport channels and a composite framework with well-developed potassium-ion storage sites will be constructed, leading to formation of a new type of hierarchical porous carbon-based functional composites. This project will focus on the establishment of structural design theory of hierarchical porous carbon-based functional composites for high-performance potassium-ion storage, and then guide and realize their controllable preparation. On this basis, the synergistic mechanism of hierarchical pore channels and composite skeleton structures during the potassium-ion storage process will be revealed. Simultaneously, excellent electrode materials will be developed. This project is expected to provide new ideas and theoretical basis for the design of hierarchical structure and functional expansion of carbon-based composites, as well as the electrochemical performance breakthrough of potassium-ion batteries.