由煤液化残渣自模板构筑杂化多孔炭及其电化学储能研究

对产生量巨大的煤直接液化残渣（DCLR）进行高值转化与利用，是保护环境和拓展煤化工产业链亟需考虑的问题，但在由DCLR制备炭材料的研究中，对于Si、O、S元素的利用尚不充分。同时，多孔炭较低的能量密度和较复杂的制备方法极大地限制了它在超级电容器电极材料领域的应用。基于此，本项目提出“自模板耦合自掺杂”策略，以DCLR为原料，利用DCLR所含灰分作为模板和致孔剂，并通过限制热处理过程中O、S元素的消除，制备杂原子掺杂分级多孔炭，实现具有优异电化学性能的炭电极材料的简便构筑。具体研究制备条件对多孔炭结构与储能性能的影响规律，解决多种孔型同时创制与杂原子有效掺杂的关键问题，探索DCLR各成分对炭材料微观结构的影响机制，完成DCLR所含主要元素C、Si、O、S的充分利用，构筑兼具高功率密度与高能量密度的掺杂型多孔炭电极材料，为大宗工业固废DCLR的高附加值转化利用和高性能储能材料的开发提供新思路。

It is meaningful for the utilization of direct coal liquefaction residue (DCLR) in view of the resource conservation and economy. However, elements in DCLR such as Si, O, and S, have not been fully used during preparation of carbon materials from DCLR. Meanwhile, hierarchical porous carbons used as electrode materials for supercapacitor are greatly limited by their low energy density and complicated preparation. Herein, O and S co-doped hierarchical porous carbons will be prepared by a “self-templated plus self-doped” strategy from DCLR, because ashes in DCLR will be used as templates. The electrode materials with excellent properties will be simply acquired. The rule of synthesis conditions on the structure and properties of porous carbons in energy storage will be revealed. The project will solve the key problems in simultaneous fabrication of porous structure and efficient doping for carbon materials. The influence mechanism of components in DCLR on structure of carbon materials will be investigated. The doped porous carbons with high power and energy density will be prepared from DCLR by making full use of C, Si, O, and S. The project will provide a new idea for the development of good materials for energy storage as well as the high value-added conversion and utilization of DCLR.