小麦胚乳蛋白体发育、空间分布及其与加工品质形成的关系

小麦籽粒加工品质取决于胚乳贮藏蛋白的组成和含量，而贮藏蛋白是以蛋白体的形式存在于胚乳细胞中的，小麦胚乳蛋白体的发育状况决定籽粒加工品质。我们在前期工作中发现：不同品质的小麦胚乳蛋白体的发育、空间分布和贮藏蛋白积累存在显著差异，但造成这种差异的机制及其与加工品质形成的关系还不清楚。.本项目拟以蛋白质含量显著差异的小麦品种为材料，精确标记颖花开花时间，运用电子显微镜观察、免疫细胞化学、15N同位素标记、籽粒分区等技术，结合转录组和蛋白质组学分析，着重研究：(1)胚乳蛋白体发育在不同空间的差异；（2）胚乳不同部位贮藏蛋白及其合成相关基因表达的差异；（3）氮对胚乳蛋白体形成、空间分布及贮藏蛋白合成相关基因的调控；（4）胚乳蛋白体的发育、空间分布与加工品质形成的关系。该项目研究有基础，研究内容和方法有新意，研究结果将进一步深化小麦籽粒品质形成机理，为小麦籽粒加工品质的改良与优质面粉的开发提供依据。

Wheat grain processing quality depends on the composition and contents in endosperm storage protein, while storage proteins are deposited in protein bodies in the wheat endosperm cells; therefore, the development status of protein bodies affects remarkably grain processing quality. In our previous studies we found there existed significant differences in the development of protein bodies, spatial distribution and the accumulation of storage protein in wheat cultivars with different quality, but little information is available on the mechanism resulting in these differences and their relationships with processing quality formation..Using electron microscopy, immunocytochemistry, 15N isotope labeling and grain layering technology, combining transcriptome and proteome analysis, the wheat cultivars with remarkable different protein contents in this project will be chosen to conduct researches as follows: (1) the differences of development of protein body in different space of endosperm; (2) the differences in storage protein and the expressions of protein synthetic gene in different space of endosperm; (3) Effect of nitrogen on protein body formation, spatial distribution and protein synthesis genes; (4) the relationship of development and spatial distribution of protein bodies with processing quality formation. These researches in the project have good basis, and the contents and methods are innovative, the results will further deepen the mechanism of wheat grain quality formation and provide a scientific basis for improvement of processing quality and utilization of high-quality wheat flour for different end-use.