雌核发育二倍体鲫鲤产生二倍体卵子的遗传机制研究

通过鲫、鲤远缘杂交获得了异源四倍体鲫鲤群体（AT），它们能稳定产生二倍体配子，对其产生的二倍体卵子进行雌核发育研究，建立了雌核发育二倍体鲫鲤克隆体系（G1-G6）。雌核发育二倍体鲫鲤是一种全雌杂交二倍体鱼，它们具有产生不减数二倍体卵子的繁殖特性。通过对雌核发育二倍体鲫鲤性腺发育过程、生殖细胞DNA含量和染色体倍性、性腺显微和超微结构、早期性腺体外培养等方面进行观察，发现这种独特的繁殖方式与早期生殖细胞遗传物质的加倍有关。本课题将在已有的研究基础上以二倍体红鲫为对照对雌核发育二倍体鲫鲤的早期性腺进行体外组织培养，在体外活细胞条件下观察生殖细胞生长发育的动态过程，同时结合细胞和分子生物学方法深入研究这种二倍体杂交鱼产生二倍体卵子的生物学机制，并从中探索鱼类生殖细胞体外培养条件及其分离和鉴定方法，所取得的研究成果将在发育生物学和鱼类遗传育种方面具有重要意义。

The allotetraploid (AT) population was obtained by crossing red crucian carp (♀) with common carp (♂), which stably produced diploid gametes. Gynogenesis was applied to the diploid eggs produced by AT. An all female gynogenetic diploid hybrid clone line (G1-G6), which possessed the unique reproductive trait of producing diploid eggs, was established. The results of the gonad development process, germ cell DNA content and ploidy, gonad microstructure and ultrastructure observation and early-stage gonad tissue culture indicated that this unique reproduction form associated with the genetic material doubled. In this program,we aimed to establish germ cell line of the diploid hybrids and study the mechanism of diploid hybrids produce diploid gametes. We will culture the early-stage gonad of the diploid hybrids and the control group red crucian carp, summarize the fish germ cell culture conditions, separation and identification methods and use the living cells workstation to real-time monitor the growth and development of germ cell in vitro.This program has great significance in developmental biology and fish genetic breeding.