水体氨氮和亚硝酸盐污染是制约对虾健康养殖的瓶颈之一。生物絮团技术为解决这一难题提供了新的生物调控方法，其中的理论基础是微生物驱动的硝化作用。目前，养殖水体生物絮团介导硝化过程的微生物群落特征尚不明晰，外加有机碳如何调控生物絮团微生物功能也亟待研究。本项目拟开展对虾养殖水体生物絮团介导硝化过程的功能微生物解析及调控机制研究：1）选择代表性对虾养殖池，采用高通量测序分析水体生物絮团微生物群落结构，并确定典型生物絮团；2）通过稳定性同位素示踪生物絮团驱动硝化过程的微生物，解析生物絮团介导硝化过程的功能微生物结构特征；3）通过设置不同有机碳添加水平下的对虾养殖实验，采用高通量测序分析水体生物絮团中硝化微生物种群结构多样性与硝化功能基因多样性的变化规律，揭示外加有机碳影响生物絮团微生物结构与功能变化的作用机制，并提出应用策略。研究结果可为对虾养殖水体氨氮、亚硝酸盐的微生物转化与控制提供理论指导。

Ammonia nitrogen and nitrite pollution is a bottleneck restricting healthy aquaculture of shrimp. Biofloc technology provides a new biological control method for solving this difficult issue. The theoretic foundation is the nitrification driven by microbes. At present, microbial community characteristics of biofloc involved in nitrification process in aquacultural water remains unclear, and how do the addition of organic carbon regulate microbial function of biofloc also needs deep research. The project aims at functional microbes analysis and regulation of the biofloc involved in nitrification process in shrimp aquacultural water: 1) choose representative shrimp ponds, analyze microbial community structure of the biofloc in aquacultural water by high-throughput sequencing, and thereby determine typical biofloc; 2) trace microbes of the biofloc involved in nitrification process by stable isotope probing, and then analyze active microbial community structure of the biofloc involved in nitrification process; 3) design shrimp culture experiment under different levels of organic carbon addition, use high-throughput sequencing to analyze community structure diversity and functional genes diversity of the biofloc involved in nitrification process, reveal change mechanism of the structure and function of the biofloc communities affected by organic carbon addition in aquacultural water, and then propose application strategy. The results of this study can provide theoretical guidance on microbial transformation and control of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite in shrimp aquacultural water.