红壤区浅层地下水酸化已成为影响地下水作为饮用水源的严重问题之一。本项目以酸性红壤区农村浅层地下水为研究对象，运用野外调查、采样与室内模拟试验相结合的方法，在调查分析酸化地下水地球化学特征的基础上，研究地下水中微生物群落结构，分析微生物的种群丰度及分布特征，阐明土著微生物种群结构与酸化环境形成的相关性；同时对酸化地下水中的耐受性微生物进行分离鉴定，并表征其特征，阐明耐受性微生物适应酸化环境的分子机制；最后，在模拟持续酸化条件下研究Fe、Al等金属离子的迁移过程及其对微生物群落演替的影响，并利用微生物强化实验比较研究耐性菌和土著菌对地下水持续酸化环境的响应差异，揭示微生物在酸化环境形成中的作用机理。通过以上研究，可望阐明浅层酸化地下水中微生物对酸化环境响应的分子生态学机制。研究成果不仅能为红壤地区农村酸化地下水的微生物修复提供理论依据，还能为红壤地区农村地下水质量管理提供科学指导。

Acidification of groundwater has become one of the most serious problems in the shallow groundwater as the drinking water source in the area of acid red soil. This project intends to research the characteristics of microbial community structure under the acidic groundwater on the basis of full investigation and analysis of geochemical characteristics by using the combined method which include investigation, field sampling and laboratory simulation test, and in-depth study on the characteristics of indigenous microbial communities to analysis the microbial abundance and distribution characteristics, aiming to reveal the correlation between indigenous microbial population structure and the formation of acidification environment. Then, to isolate and screen the tolerance of indigenous microorganism and evaluate its characters, aiming to study the response molecular mechanism of the tolerance microorganism to acid environment. Finally, to study the migration process of heavy metals (e. g. Fe, Al, etc) and its effect on microbial community succession, and the adaptability difference to acid environment between acclimated bacteria and indigenous bacteria was studied using the experiment of microorganism-strengthen, aiming to explore the microbial mechanism in the formation of acidification environment under continuous acidification conditions. Based on the above studies, this project is expected to clarify the molecular ecological mechanisms response to the acid pollution environment in the rural shallow groundwater of typical red soil area. The results of this project can not only provide an important theoretical value to improve the remediation effect by using the principle of microbial remediation in the shallow groundwater of red soil area, but also made important implications for groundwater quality and use.