江汉平原农村公共服务可达性与空间均等化研究

公共教育、医疗和文化服务是农户稳定持续的需求，其空间可达性是衡量农村生活质量的指标，空间均等化是新农村建设的价值取向。（1）本项目以江汉平原农产品主产区及其典型县域为研究区域，以农村公共教育、医疗和文化服务为研究对象，以行政村为基本空间单元，建立人口聚落交通服务空间分析模型，运用地理计量和可视化方法，多尺度表达农村人口聚落公共服务需求和空间行为、公共服务设施布局和资源配置、路网结构和交通模式。（2）集成可获得性、邻近性和交通因子计算可达性，利用空间聚类方法研究可达性分级，利用空间自相关模型分析空间均等化，探索可达性和空间均等化的空间组合和分异特征，发现公共服务短缺区。（3）以新农村建设和基本公共服务均等化为目标，以服务半径与服务人口为关键指标，以农村人口和需求变化为依据，开展公共服务设施与资源空间配置模拟，分析可达性和空间均等化响应机制，为农村公共教育、医疗和文化空间规划提供理论与方法。

Public education, health care and culture services are the stable and persistent demands that farmers need, which means that their accessiblities are significant indexes of the rural life quality, and Spatial equalization is the developmental orientation of new village construction. 1.This project,which focus on the main rural areas in Jianghan plains and its representive counties, is consentrating on the public education, health care and culture services in rural areas,taking the administrative villages as basic spatial units. It will found a spatial analysis model on population,settlements,services to exhibit people's public sevice demand and spatial behaviours, distribution of public facilities and resources,road nerwork structure and mobility pattern in a multi-scale by using the geographimetrics and geovisulization method. 2.The accessiblity will be caculated by the integration of availability, proximity and mobility, and will be classified by spatial cluster. Also, the spatial autocorrelation model is to be found to analysize spatial equalization. The above methods are to explore the spatial portofolia and divisity of accessibility and equalization,and thus to detect the shortage areas of public services. 3.According to the projectin of rural population and demand changes,targeting to the new village construction and equalization of basic public sevices, and taking the service radius and service population as key index, the project carry out simulation of public service facilities and spatial distribution of resources to analysize the responding mechanism of accessiblity and spatial equalization, and thus provide scientific theory and tools to rural education, health care and culture spatial planning .