疟疾传播需要按蚊作为媒介，按蚊肠道丰富的微生物群落可被用于阻断疟疾的传播。我们在前期筛选中首次发现一株具有天然抗疟活性的按蚊肠道共生沙雷氏菌SU01，然而其抗疟的分子机制还不明确。SU01属于新型的优瑞卡沙雷氏菌（Serratia urelytica），具有不依赖于按蚊免疫系统的直接抗疟活性。我们发现宿主血液诱导对于SU01产生抗疟活性是必需的，分析SU01对血液诱导的转录本，发现非编码RNA（ncRNA）发生了关键的响应变化。敲除RNA结合关键调控蛋白Hfq以后，SU01完全丢失了抗疟活性，进一步证实了ncRNA通路确实在肠道菌SU01抗疟活性中起到关键作用。本项目旨在筛选调控SU01产生抗疟活性的关键ncRNA分子，鉴定这些关键ncRNA的靶基因，研究宿主血液通过ncRNA调控SU01产生抗疟活性的机制，促进利用肠道共生菌阻断疟疾传播新策略的应用。

Malaria is transmitted by Anopheles mosquitos, whose gut is colonized with abundant microbiota. Mosquito gut microbiota could be used as new weapon against malaria parasites. In our previous screening, a novel Serratia urelytica strain SU01 was identified to have native anti-malaria activity that independent of mosquito immunity. However, how SU01 exerts anti-malaria activity remains to be solved. Interestingly, host blood is required for the induction of anti-malaria activity of SU01. When analyzing the blood stimulated transcriptome response of SU01, we found non-coding RNA (ncRNA) network is a key signature. Moreover, knocking out Hfq, a key regulatory protein for ncRNA function, totally abolished SU01 anti-malaria activity. These observations indicate ncRNA network is critical for anti-malaria activity induction of gut bacteria SU01. This study aims to screen and identify key ncRNA molecules and their targets that responsible for anti-malaria induction and answer how these ncRNAs promote SU01 anti-malaria activity, as well as reveal the mechanism how host blood regulate ncRNA expression. This work will promote the fight against malaria using mosquito gut microbiota.