基于“血中移行成分-代谢组学”研究辣木叶改善II型糖尿病的物质基础及其作用机制

多组分、多靶点特征的天然植物药在治疗II型糖尿病方面具有独特的优势。前期研究表明，辣木叶中含有生物碱、甾醇、硫代葡萄糖酸盐、异硫氰酸盐、酚苷、黄酮等多种类型成分，其提取物具有良好的降糖活性，但其药效物质基础及作用机制尚不明确。传统以活性为导向的天然植物功效物质发现策略在研究复杂疾病时，其“单一成分、单一靶点”的特征难以系统全面地发掘活性物质及其作用机理。因此，本项目提出基于“血中移行成分-代谢组学”关联体系的研究模式，采用“相似母核结构归一”策略，运用现代多维色谱联用分析技术及多种统计学分析方法，将血中移行成分与代谢组学数据进行相关性分析，并构建代谢通路相关性网络，从中发现血中移行成分的药效关联性结构，精准挖掘辣木叶改善II型糖尿病的活性成分（群）并阐明其作用机制。本项目为高值化利用辣木叶资源提供科学依据，同时构建的研究模式对天然药物的研究与开发具有借鉴意义。

Natural plant medicines have unique advantages in treating type II diabetes due to their characteristics of multiple components and multiple targets. Previous studies have shown that Moringa oleifera leaves contain a variety of chemical components such as alkaloids, sterols, glucosinolates, isothiocyanates, phenolic glycosides and flavonoids. The crude extract of Moringa oleifera leaves showed excellent hypoglycemic activity. However, their chemical material basis and involved mechanism remains unclear yet. The conventional strategy, guided by bioactivity and exploring active substances in natural plants, may not systematically find the active constituents due to its "single component, single target" feature. Therefore, in this study, we propose a new strategy using the "blood migrating component-metabolomics" association system. Blood migrating components are identified using multidimensional chromatography techniques. Correlation analysis of blood migration components, multiple statistical methods on metabolomics data, and correlation network of metabolic pathway are proposed and estabilished. Our proposed strategy will be helpful for the accurate discovery of active components in Moringa oleifera leaves treating type II diabetes and the comprehensive investigation of involved mechanism of action. This study provides a scientific basis for the high-value utilization of Moringa oleifera leaves. In addition, this new strategy may provide new ideas for the research and development of natural drugs.